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- W4383218180 abstract "Atalia Shragai's recent book, Cold War Paradise: Settlement, Culture, and Identity-Making Among U.S. Americans in Costa Rica, 1945–1980, explores the migration of US citizens to Costa Rica against the backdrop of the Cold War and the rise of global counter-cultures. Although a large body of scholarship examines migration from different parts of Latin America to the United States, this book mines the life histories and experiences of US Americans in Costa Rica to uncover a different immigration story, one that belongs to an increasing number of “lifestyle immigrants” (p. 21) to understand both their individual and collective process of identity construction in their adopted homeland. Shragai presents a multi-layered cultural and social history that adds much-needed nuance to a growing body of literature on global migration and diaspora studies.The author skillfully weaves together oral histories and ethno-graphic fieldwork with a close reading of the long-running English-language newspaper the Tico Times to explore the personal and discursive work of identity formation among the ordinary US Americans who chose to migrate to Costa Rica. Nonetheless, that identity work also reflected long histories of unequal geo-political power relationships between the United States and Central America, which in turn, produced multiple, overlapping, and ambiguous personal identities among the US American migrants in Costa Rica. For example, many of the author's interview subjects rejected the term “immigrants” to identify themselves (p. 19), despite overwhelming evidence that they were, in fact, highly privileged immigrants in Costa Rica as a function of their US citizenship and racial whiteness. Tellingly, many never sought Costa Rican citizenship. Instead, they engaged in identity work as they searched for other ways rather than national belonging through which to construct new lives: through profession, marriage to Costa Rican nationals, relationships to nature and spirituality, or perhaps even as objectors to US foreign policy (e.g., the US–Vietnam War). Personal ambiguity over their new identities in Costa Rica also compromised possibilities for a cohesive collective identity as US Americans in Costa Rica and resulted in a highly fragmented and divisive colony of foreigners.Not only were their relationships with their new adopted homeland marked by ambiguity about their immigration status, but their relationships with each other and as an identifiable group of foreign US Americans were often complicated and riven by differences not easily overcome. The book offers a strong focus on the intersections between gender and identity work, as over half of Shragai's interview subjects were women. Although the experience of becoming US American women in Costa Rica provided them social mobility and freedom from certain US gendered expectations, they also had to negotiate their submission to a new set of gender roles within Costa Rican society. These contradictions, confirmed through the author's qualitative interview data, show that the experience of identity formation for US American women differed greatly from that of their male counterparts. The author's attention to issues of gender within the US American community in Costa Rica adds a deeper and much-needed analysis to existing studies of US American migrant communities. Furthermore, the author shows how fashioning new identities as US American women in Costa Rica and forming communities around that identity functioned through inequitable systems of inclusion and exclusion within the many US American social and philanthropic clubs, such as the US Women's Club.The author contributes a nuanced ethnographic approach through personal interviews, noting that interviewees engaged in identity work and developed new strategies of emplacement in different ways, including through material culture and relationships with the natural environment. In particular, the author is at her analytical best in the chapters on how her interview subjects’ refusal to self-identify as immigrants reproduced the politics of US imperialism abroad, as well as a chapter on how US Americans also perpetuated older tropes of frontier conquest in their problematic identification of the United States as a source of culture employed to “civilize” Costa Rica, framed in opposition as “nature.” Nonetheless, the book struggles to draw larger conclusions about the US American experience in Costa Rica, given the fractured and divisive nature of the US American community (indeed, it even seems questionable that a genuine community can be said to exist). The lack of a larger conclusion leaves the reader with questions about how to apply the book's fascinating ideas about identity-making and emplacement in other contexts of global migration. Despite the general weakness of the book's conclusion, it makes an important contribution to our understanding of the process of personal identity construction in novel global contexts." @default.
- W4383218180 created "2023-07-06" @default.
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- W4383218180 date "2023-07-01" @default.
- W4383218180 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4383218180 title "Cold War Paradise: Settlement, Culture, and Identity-Making Among U.S. Americans in Costa Rica, 1945–1980" @default.
- W4383218180 doi "https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.4.10" @default.
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