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• W4383343246 abstract "TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 131 labor, but he does present considerable useful information and derives guidelines and tentative theories warranted by the data. Thus, he care­ fully delineates the kinds of activities for which it is difficult to substitute capital for labor and those in which capital can be effectively substituted or must of necessity be used. In general, Strassmann concludes that such things as costs, prestige, subsidies, and engineers’ attitudes have a net effect of introducing an uneconomic capital-intensive bias. Further, he maintains that developing countries frequently overlook the possibility of installing durable secondhand equipment. In his chapter on innova­ tion, Strassmann continues his detailed examination of the many facets of adapting technology to new environments. In this endeavor, his work nicely complements the sociopsychological studies of E. E. Hagen in advancing the theory of entrepreneurship. Throughout the book, Strass­ mann demonstrates a familiarity with industrial technology that will arouse the envy of many economists and other social scientists. The final portion of the book is a series of appendixes with more detailed industrial studies, which further reinforce the ideas set forth earlier in the book. Thomas R. DeGregori* The Peruvian Industrial Labor Force. By David Chaplin. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1967. Pp. vii+324; bibliography, tables. $9.00. It has become abundantly clear that labor force behavior in the indus­ trial sectors of the developing economies is not accurately described by the market model in Western economic thought; nor, indeed, is it well described by deviations from the model that one finds in the West­ ern economies themselves. Entrenched behavior patterns in the less de­ veloped states do not simply fall away with the onset of industrialization. Those with responsibilities for development efforts of the backward economies should have a sophisticated awareness of these behavior pat­ terns if they are to do their work effectively. The fact that they usually do not goes a long way toward explaining the slow pace of development in most of the backward nations. From the standpoint of expediting economic progress, consequently, it is important that the analytical apparatus of the economist be sharp­ ened by insights drawn from the disciplines of sociology and anthropol­ ogy. The volume under review, written by a sociologist, is interesting not only for its substance but also because it is a good example of what the sociologist might contribute. The book is based upon data gathered from thirteen Peruvian textile mills. In the words of the author, it “deals with a branch of manufactur­ ing industry, in an underdeveloped country, that is overdeveloped rel­ ative to the apparent size of its market and prematurely stereotyped in * Dr. DeGregori, of the University of Houston, is the author of Technology and the Economic Development of the TTopical African Frontier, 132 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE its technical and labor organization. Its costs and prices are too high and labor efficiency too low, and it faces a generally hostile environment in terms of relevant institutions: the government, labor, and commercial organizations.” The study, then, is of a labor force functioning in an economic context that is not uncommon in the societies groping toward higher levels of economic development. After the introductory chapters, which describe the social and eco­ nomic climate in Peru, the textile labor force is examined, with major emphasis being placed upon problems of recruitment and labor turn­ over. Certain of the conclusions that emerge from the data—relatively “hard” data for an underdeveloped country, incidentally—are consistent with what might have been predicted on the basis of existing knowledge of development economics. We find, thus, that the textile wage structure is economically irrational, that there is widespread cynicism about the beneficence of the market mechanism, that most of the firms are familyowned and family-managed, and that premature welfare legislation has had unanticipated and undesirable consequences. The most prominent example of the latter, and one stressed throughout the book, is the de­ clining participation of females in the labor force due to welfare legis­ lation which has raised the costs of women workers excessively. Of the many points made, the most significant, perhaps, deals with the question of labor force commitment. The standard..." @default.
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• W4383343246 date "1969-01-01" @default.
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• W4383343246 title "The Peruvian Industrial Labor Force by David Chaplin (review)" @default.
• W4383343246 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1969.a892345" @default.
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