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• W4383343338 abstract "134 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE becomes a part of the educational processes, the time interval to learn the traditional subject matter taught in elementary and secondary schools should shorten dramatically. While the author expresses some optimism concerning this eventuality, in that it would aid in the social­ ization process, he does not significantly support this contention with any evidence. His view that demographic factors as well as changes in work ethics may aid in the reduction of intergeneration conflict does not seem to be supported by the evidence. Recent popular publications, such as The Peter Principle and Up the Organization, indicating the conflict that will continually separate the new “young turks” and their more traditionally educated management, point in a direction of even wider separation between generations. The preface is dated December 1966, and it is certain that the inter­ vening four years and the increasing body of literature directed to the sociological implications of automation point to the increasing role that danger plays at this time of crisis. In Chinese (the author tells us) the word crisis is written with two characters, one meaning danger and the other opportunity. „ y D. F. Costello* Automation, Alienation, and Anomie. Edited by Simon Marcson. New York: Harper & Row, 1970. Pp. 479. $6.95. This volume is an interdisciplinary reader devoted to analyses of the technical and social problems generated by advanced technology and automation of the means of production. The selections are topically ordered under six headings: technology as an aspect of social change; principles of the technology of automation; organizational changes re­ sulting from automation; impact of automation on industrial relations systems; impact of automation on management and occupational struc­ ture; industrialization, automation, alienation, and anomie. The multi­ dimensional approach is aimed at presenting the problems in the context of social totality, exhibiting a wide range of interconnections. The se­ lections are of historical interest in that in them can be traced the de­ velopment of literature on the subject from the early postwar years up to about 1965. The contributors are highly regarded representatives of their disciplines and fields. Are the issues raised and discussed relevant today? If advanced technological societies are characterized by the presence of alienation and anomie in their laboring forces (and that they are is dubious, as the editor points out on p. 2), then the prevalence of this alienation is more than compensated for by the abundance, the increased standard of living, and the increased range of commodity choices for the laborer-as-consumer. An assumption of this kind is shared by the majority of the contributors to this volume. It is an assumption, how- * Mr. Costello is associate director of the computing center of the University of Nebraska. TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 135 ever, that needs to be challenged. For it is only by challenging this as­ sumption that we can get to the root of the central problems of tech­ nology and automated production and the related issue of alienation. The technology of automated industry inherently possesses an enor­ mous potential for satisfying human needs. This technology is subju­ gated to a principle of profitability in the West and to state capital accumulation in socialist countries—the potential is repressed. Despite the technical possibilities of modern industry, innovation and produc­ tion are coordinated with maximum profitability and the forced sale of goods and services. A principle of profitability (and from this point on we will be concerned only with advanced capitalist societies) is distinct from, often antithetical to the satisfaction of social requirements. Even when the most elemental needs of certain sectors of the population are not satisfied (in peripheral and pocket areas of deprivation), production for profit organizes scarcity, wastes natural resources, and utilizes pro­ ductive forces in the creation of commodities which can be profitably sold regardless of need. Commodities are deliberately made worthless by means of buildingin obsolescence and “quality” control. The standardization of products actually limits the range of choice of the consumer. He is forced to consume low-quality goods, nutritionless, processed foods, and inferior services at standardized prices. The commodity chooses the buyer. The use of natural resources, land, and water is also geared to profitability..." @default.
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• W4383343338 date "1971-01-01" @default.
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• W4383343338 title "Automation, Alienation, and Anomie ed. by Simon Marcson (review)" @default.
• W4383343338 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1971.a894028" @default.
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