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- W4383343527 abstract "TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 143 He points out that we educate toward the past; that our schools are staffed by persons themselves timid and backward-looking (“Most . . . schoolteachers ... come from backgrounds more at ease with a conserva tive view of life, suspicious of the strange, the innovative, the spon taneous, comfortable with the requirements, certainties, rewards, and the moral assurances of the Protestant Ethic” [p. 114]); and that re sistances to the changes needed are probably overwhelming. It is this last belief that apparently leads Michael to take the one position that I most strongly disagree with him about: he feels that since the education al system, or even most of it, cannot be altered soon enough, “the most we can do in the immediate future is to try deliberately to develop the needed capabilities in the relatively few people accessible to the rare appropriate educative environment and hope that the products of such education will be at the right place and the right time to make the right difference in the actions that affect our society for better or worse” (p. 118). While I may eventually have to agree with Michael’s approach, we are now trying in Hawaii a program of popular participation in a futuristic reorientation of society which has as a most essential part the refocusing of the school system. Of course, we have only begun, and we may fail, but Michael’s book has helped us enormously, and if we do fail, we must take the blame. James Ai.i.ex Dator* Technology, Engineering, and Economics. By Philip Sporn. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1969. Pp. 147. $5.95. The development of energy resources and the growth of energy requirements are important aspects of the history of technology. Mr. Sporn’s broad objective was to consider, in the course of four lectures at M.I.T., the achievement of socioeconomic needs through “the dual mechanism that is the principal tool—technology and engineering and the science on which they are frequently based, and particularly their interacting relationship with economics” (p. 5). He traces briefly the growth of electric energy, examines the relative costs of the present electric-energy sources, and assesses the development of nuclear power. The dynamics of a specific power system are examined in terms of the interlocked relationships among sales, production costs, and underlying technology. The system used to illustrate these relationships is the American Electric Power System, with which Sporn was associated for more than forty-five years. This system is the largest investorowned power system in the United States. Operating in an area of 45,000 square miles, including parts of seven states, the system served a total population of some 5.7 million and achieved “the highest [thermal] efficiency of any power system in the world” (p. 67). The * Dr. Dator, associate professor of political science at the University of Hawaii, is advisor to the Governor’s Conference on Hawaii 2000. 144 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE final chapter reports on the systems approach as applied in the Ohio Valley Electric Corporation (OVEC) project of the 1950s. The OVEC constructed successfully two large steam electric plants, one with a capacity of 1.2 million kilowatts and the other, 1 million kilowatts, at an expenditure close to $400 million. It might seem that such an account of recent developments of gen erating capacity and analysis of the potential contributions of the fossilfuel system and the nuclear power source make only a meager con tribution to the history of technology, the more so because of the personal nature of the writing—more than half of the forty-eight foot notes are to Sporn’s own or joint work. But it can be contended that this work makes an important contribution by focusing attention on the decision-making process; and from this point of view, the author’s participation in the events has positive advantages. The emphasis upon decision making follows from Sporn’s view that “engineering goes well beyond technology—beyond putting together technical parts of sys tems that will work. Engineering must encompass the broad principle of economy of all resources—material, capital, labor—and their opti mization..." @default.
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- W4383343527 date "1971-01-01" @default.
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- W4383343527 title "Technology, Engineering, and Economics by Philip Sporn (review)" @default.
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