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• W4383460384 abstract "102 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE an analysis of sixteen scientific periodicals selected as national in audi­ ence and content, the author has sifted out fifty-six men as the most important scientists of the age. Brief biographical sketches of each are collected in an Appendix. His selection, on the basis of the number of their publications, gives Daniels a control group called the “national scientific community.” The method offers potentially revealing insights into the normal science of the period. From their research interests, for example, Daniels suggests the outlines for a re-interpretation of most conventional notions about American science—its presumably amateur­ ish and unspecialized character, natural science emphasis, and practical orientation. The possibilities which Daniels hints at, however, go un­ realized in succeeding chapters. His principal argument, that the lack of scientific activity in America comparable to that of Europe was due to the limited conceptual approach of science here, is supported, not by reference to the ideas and actions of his control group, but rather by the speculative musings of a miscellaneous lot of peripheral figures. Those men of the Jacksonian era—A. D. Bache, Joseph Henry, Asa Gray, or John Torrey, for instance—who established the canons of normal science in their day seldom delivered themselves publicly of the ideas Daniels reports; in fact, it would have been a violation of the very standards they sought to establish. To find those ideas, Daniels is forced to deal with lesser figures, who expressed themselves in journals which did not reflect the intellectual tastes of those who defined normal sci­ ence. The imbalance has partly to do with a neglect of the men working in the physical sciences. Despite his own suggestion that historians have overemphasized nineteenth-century interest in the natural sciences, the author’s national scientific community has almost twice as many in that category as in the physical sciences. Daniels’ study will stir thinking; it is not a book one leaves casually. But because of the particular direction of his interests, the connections between science and technology in the age of Jackson are left still un­ explored. Bruce Sinclair* Cableships and Submarine Cables. By K. R. Haigh. London and Wash­ ington: Alard Coles Ltd. and U.S. Underseas Cable Corp., 1968. Pp. 416; folded map, illustrations. $15.95. The tradition of laying submarine cables has been international, and, as if to celebrate the centenary of the first continually successful trans­ atlantic cable by the Great Eastern, we are now treated by an interna­ tional project to a worthy review of the ships and cables that filled the century with such adventure and profit. Not only was the preparation of the book a transatlantic effort, it was printed in Great Britain and pub­ * Dr. Sinclair, associate professor of history at Kansas State University, has written on the history of American science and technology. TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 103 lished here by the U.S. Underseas Cable Corp., Western Union Interna­ tional, and Simplex Wire and Cable Company. Beginning with the pioneer laying of undersea cable by the tug Go­ liath in 1850, the cable-laying vessel developed from a converted hull into the sophisticated and specially designed cableships of today. The introduction of gutta percha into England and Germany made the insu­ lation of long lengths of wire and cable continuous and practical. From simple beginnings, an armored cable for shore-end use evolved so that it weighed up to 50 tons per nautical mile. The early days brought the typical conflicts of patents and markets, but, by astute financing and mergers, viable companies appeared in the 1860’s, and these have con­ tinued into our time. After a short historical introduction and an introductory chapter de­ fining cable characteristics and the laying gear, Commander Haigh arranges the body of his presentation by company in generally chrono­ logical sequence. Under each company is listed its cable-laying or operating cableships. Ship dimensions and photographs are added, all of which contribute to the salty nature of this quiet but essential arm of electrical technology. The simpler telegraph cables have been augmented by the specialized telephone cables, some having up to 120 conductors, some with polyethylene..." @default.
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• W4383460384 date "1969-01-01" @default.
• W4383460384 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4383460384 title "Cableships and Submarine Cables by K. R. Haigh (review)" @default.
• W4383460384 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1969.a892329" @default.
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