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- W4383498194 abstract "During pyrometallurgical extraction, some metals are lost to the slag phase which limits the process efficiency and may also cause environmental harm if those slags are used afterwards for the concrete industry. One way to reduce metal losses is via slag cleaning in a submerged arc electric furnace (SAF) where heat is generated via the conversion of electricity via the slag's resistance and thus the slag's electrical conductivity is an important process parameter. To study this parameter, a four-electrode conductivity setup was constructed as it can provide equally fast results as a two-electrode configuration but without the need for a cable correction as this correction may introduce measurement errors. To make a comparison between both setups, a binary SiO2-PbO system was tested as this system has already been frequently studied via two-electrode setups in literature. Our experimental data and activation energy values agree with those from literature which confirms that our setup provides reliable data. In addition, specific focus was put on the experimental methodology in terms of reproducibility, measurement technique (Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) versus single frequency measurements) and crucible materials (Pt-Ir versus Al2O3). The standard deviation on our results is found to be within the same range as those in literature. EIS and the single frequency method yields the same results with the difference being less than 1%. Finally, the crucible material has a clear influence as the oxidic crucible increases the cell constant by a factor 3 compared to a metallic crucible. The resulting conductivity values for the liquid PbO-SiO2 slags are of similar order, but the measurements in Al2O3 are unstable over time as the conductivity decreases continuously during the experiment due to crucible dissolution." @default.
- W4383498194 created "2023-07-08" @default.
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- W4383498194 date "2023-10-01" @default.
- W4383498194 modified "2023-10-09" @default.
- W4383498194 title "Parameter investigation of the experimental methodology of electrical conductivity measurements for PbO containing slags" @default.
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- W4383498194 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142846" @default.
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