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• W4383567322 endingPage "800" @default.
• W4383567322 startingPage "729" @default.
• W4383567322 abstract "Medicinal plants are natural store houses of a wide range of pharmacologically important plant secondary metabolites with diverse therapeutic properties. With the rise in global population, the demand for these metabolites from their natural plant sources is ever increasing. As a result, indiscriminate collection of these plants from the wild for the extraction of metabolites has threatened the very existence of a number of these plants; some are even on the verge of extinction. So, various conservation measures have been adopted to ensure the survival of these species. Plants preserved ex situ in field gene banks are subject to various diseases, pest infestation, natural calamities, and also anthropogenic error, leading to the ultimate extinction of a huge amount of germplasm with elite characters. On the other hand, biotechnological approaches appear to be attractive alternatives for the ex situ conservation of medicinally important plant species. Various techniques like regeneration of plants through in vitro somatic embryogenesis (i.e., development of embryo-like structures from somatic cells of the plant body), encapsulation of these somatic embryos by various agents to produce artificial seeds, and subsequent storage at ultralow temperatures have emerged as suitable alternatives for ex situ conservation of plant germplasm. Apart from a very few examples of plant species where somatic embryogenesis occurs naturally, the process, which is the ultimate exhibition of plant totipotency, is observed in vitro, either directly from an explant or indirectly via callus formation. A number of factors control the process, of which the effect of phytohormones, amino acids, light, and type of explant on somatic embryogenesis of some plants of pharmaceutical interest are discussed in this review. By definition, synthetic seeds are artificially encapsulated somatic embryos, or any other somatic tissue, which are stored and sown as seeds and upon germination either under in vitro or in vivo condition develop into complete plant. Here, we focus on factors that affect the quality of the artificially produced seeds and its germination efficiency, with special emphasis on the instances of medicinal plant synseed production and its role in conservation. In the last section of the review, we discuss the role of different cryopreservation techniques and factors controlling a successful cryopreservation program and enlist a few of the medicinal plants where this method has been successfully applied for germplasm conservation." @default.
• W4383567322 created "2023-07-08" @default.
• W4383567322 creator A5001887495 @default.
• W4383567322 creator A5016524991 @default.
• W4383567322 creator A5051945254 @default.
• W4383567322 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4383567322 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W4383567322 title "Biotechnological Approaches for Ex Situ Conservation of Medicinal Plants" @default.
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