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• W4383749025 endingPage "120332" @default.
• W4383749025 startingPage "120332" @default.
• W4383749025 abstract "Hundreds of millions of people are exposed to excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water predominately in low-resource communities. Activated alumina is recognized as the Best Available Technology for fluoride removal from drinking water by the US Environmental Protection Agency, but it has substantial economic and environmental costs. Bonechar is a more environmentally friendly and potentially lower cost alternative adsorbent. Here, fluoride adsorption from groundwater (pH 8.1±0.2) by activated alumina was compared with bonechar primarily produced from bovines bones at peak heating temperatures between 400-1,100°C in a modular top-lit updraft drum (TLUD) stove (using a bone-wood mixture) and furnace. TLUD and furnace bonechar produced at peak temperatures 650-1,000°C and 400-800°C, respectively, outperformed activated alumina in batch tests (i.e., required smaller doses to achieve 90% fluoride removal). The impact of using bovine versus porcus bones to produce bonechar had a negligible impact on fluoride adsorption. A wide range of peak temperatures in the TLUD achieved by varying primary air flow rates and fuel selection (e.g., bone-to-wood mass ratios) produced efficient fluoride adsorbents. This finding demonstrates that a TLUD can be a robust, operationally flexible production system. Fluoride removal by TLUD and furnace bonechars showed strong, negative correlations (R2 ≥0.88) with organic matter content. Bonechar pilot column tests indicated that the mass transfer zone was captured (i.e., immediate fluoride breakthrough was not observed) at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 5 min, increasing EBCT to 30 min had a minimal impact on adsorption efficiency, and intermittent operation (3-10 d shut-off periods) decreased effluent fluoride concentrations. Furnace bonechars produced at peak temperatures 400-700°C outperformed activated alumina in pilot columns. Differences in adsorption efficiencies in batch and column tests were associated with the linearity of fluoride adsorption. A theoretical model quantifying adsorption linearity with Freundlich 1/n values was able to predict adsorber performance solely based on batch test data." @default.
• W4383749025 created "2023-07-11" @default.
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• W4383749025 date "2023-10-01" @default.
• W4383749025 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W4383749025 title "Fluoride removal in batch and column systems using bonechar produced in a top-lit updraft drum gasifier and furnace" @default.
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• W4383749025 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120332" @default.
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