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- W4384130015 abstract "Cyclopeptide mushroom toxicity is primarily due to amatoxins. More than 35 mushroom species across three genera (Amanita, Galerina, and Lepiota) contain amatoxin. Amatoxin-containing mushrooms are responsible for a handful of deaths annually in the United States compared to about 50 deaths in Europe and Asia. Most deaths from amatoxin-containing mushrooms are due to misidentified mushrooms during foraging that are later consumed in a meal. Symptoms from amatoxin poisoning include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea 6–24 h after ingestion. After the initial symptoms there is a quiescent phase about 24–36 h after ingestion where there is a gradual resolution of GI symptoms. Transaminases start to rise during this phase, however, and within 48–96 h post-ingestion hepatic toxicity is evident, which in some patients can progress to hepatic failure. Severely poisoned patients develop irreversible hepatic failure, renal failure, and other systemic complications such as hypoglycemia, coagulopathy, encephalopathy and death. Treatment of amatoxin poisoning is with aggressive GI decontamination using activated charcoal. IV Silibinin, where available, is used to inhibit amatoxin uptake in the hepatocytes, stimulate RNA polymerase type I, for antioxidant effects and to enhance amatoxin excretion into bile. High dose penicillin G has similar effects but is associated with greater risk of toxicity. Plasma exchange and use of Molecular Absorbent Recirculating System (MARS) is associated with improved survival in case series." @default.
- W4384130015 created "2023-07-14" @default.
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- W4384130015 date "2023-01-01" @default.
- W4384130015 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W4384130015 title "Mushrooms, cyclopeptide" @default.
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- W4384130015 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824315-2.01020-4" @default.
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