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- W4384282917 abstract "Water softening achieved by means of carbonate removal undoubtedly constitutes an improvement in user comfort. Water hardness is the marker for mineralization. It indicates the calcium or magnesium ion content. Alkalinity is closely related to hardness. Alkalinity is produced mostly by anions such as hydroxides, bicarbonates and carbonates. Alkalinity can be divided into two parts: on the one hand, the alkalimetric title and, on the other hand, the total alkalinity. The Langelier index indicates the level of stability of water in relation to its calcium carbonate saturation degree. If water has a negative Langelier saturated index value, it is undersaturated in relation to calcium carbonate and is potentially aggressive. The goal of water softening is to condition water by precipitating calcium and carbonates in the form of calcium carbonate. This results in a decrease in alkalinity and hardness." @default.
- W4384282917 created "2023-07-15" @default.
- W4384282917 date "2023-07-14" @default.
- W4384282917 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4384282917 title "Water Softening" @default.
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- W4384282917 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394226061.ch15" @default.
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