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- W4384433923 abstract "PinealPineal region tumors fall into five broad categories: benign pineal region tumorsBenign Pineal Region Tumors, glial tumors, papillaryPapillary tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors,Pineal parenchymal tumors and germ cell tumorsGerm cell tumors (GCT). GeneticGenetics and transcriptional studies have identified key chromosomal alterations in germinomasGerminomas (RUNDC3A, ASAH1, LPL) and in pineocytomasPineocytomas/pineoblastomasPineoblastomas (DROSHA/DICER1, RB1). Pineal region tumors generally present with symptoms of hydrocephalusHydrocephalus including nauseaNausea, vomiting, papilledema,Papilledema and the classical Parinaud’s triadParinaud’s triad of upgaze paralysis, convergence-retraction nystagmus,Nystagmus and light-near pupillary dissociation. Workup requires neuroimagingNeuroimaging and tissue diagnosis via biopsyBiopsy. In germinomaGerminomas cases, diagnosis may be made based on serum or CSFCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies for alpha-fetoprotein or beta-HCGBeta-HCG making the preferred treatment radiosurgery,Radiosurgery thereby preventing the need for unnecessary surgeriesSurgery. Treatment generally involves three steps: CSFCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in cases of hydrocephalusHydrocephalus, biopsyBiopsy through endoscopicEndoscopic or stereotacticStereotactic methods, and open surgical resectionSurgical resection. Multiple surgical approaches are possible for approach to the pinealPineal region. The original approach to the pineal region was the interhemispheric transcallosalInterhemispheric transcallosal first described by Dandy. The most common approach is the supracerebellar infratentorial approachSupracerebellar infratentorial approach as it utilizes a natural anatomic corridor for access to the pineal region. The paramedianParamedian or lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approachLateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach is another improvement that uses a similar anatomic corridor but allows for preservation of midline bridging veins; this minimizes the chance for brainstemBrain stem or cerebellarCerebellar venous infarction. Determination of the optimal approach relies on tumor characteristics, namely location of deep venous structures to the tumor along with the lateral eccentricity of the tumor. The immediate post-operative period is important as hemorrhage or swelling can cause obstructive hydrocephalusHydrocephalus and lead to rapid deterioration. AdjuvantAdjuvant therapy, whether chemotherapyChemotherapy or radiation, is based on tumor pathology. Improvements within pinealPineal surgerySurgery will require improved technology for access to the pinealPineal region along with targeted therapies that can effectively treat and prevent recurrenceRecurrence of malignantMalignant pineal region tumors." @default.
- W4384433923 created "2023-07-16" @default.
- W4384433923 creator A5039131664 @default.
- W4384433923 creator A5046641323 @default.
- W4384433923 creator A5055848888 @default.
- W4384433923 creator A5059431097 @default.
- W4384433923 date "2023-01-01" @default.
- W4384433923 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W4384433923 title "Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Pineal Region" @default.
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