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• W4384558985 abstract "Abstract Background This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of ciprofloxacin resistance among 346 Escherichia coli isolates collected from clinical specimens ( n = 82), healthy children ( n = 176), municipal wastewater ( n = 34), hospital wastewater ( n = 33), poultry slaughterhouse wastewater ( n = 12) and livestock ( n = 9) slaughterhouse wastewater in Iran. Methods Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution assay. Phylogroups and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were identified using PCR. Mutations in gyrA , gyrB , parC, and parE genes and amino acid alterations were screened through sequencing assay. The effect of efflux pump inhibitor (PAβN) on ciprofloxacin MICs in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates was investigated using the microdilution method. Results In total, 28.03% of E. coli isolates were phenotypically resistant to ciprofloxacin. Based on sources of isolation, 64.63%, 51.51%, 33.33%, 14.70%, 10.22% and 8.33% of isolates from clinical specimens, hospital wastewater, livestock wastewater, municipal wastewater, healthy children and poultry wastewater were ciprofloxacin-resistant, respectively. Eighty-one point eighty-one percent (Ser-83 → Leu + Asp-87 → Asn; 78.78% and Ser-83 → Leu only; 3.03% ( of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates showed missense mutation in GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase, while no amino-acid substitution was noted in the GyrB subunit. DNA sequence analyses of the ParC and ParE subunits of topoisomerase IV exhibited amino-acid changes in 30.30% (Ser-80 → Ile + Glu-84 → Val; 18.18%, Ser-80 → Ile only; 9.10% and Glu-84 → Val only; 3.03%0 (and 15.38% (Ser-458 → Ala) of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates, respectively. The PMQR genes, aac(6')-Ib-cr , qnrS , qnrB , oqxA , oqxB, and qepA were detected in 43.29%, 74.22%, 9.27%, 14.43%, 30.92% and 1.03% of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, respectively. No isolate was found to be positive for qnrA and qnrD genes. In isolates harboring the OqxA/B efflux pump, the MIC of ciprofloxacin was reduced twofold in the presence of PAβN, as an efflux pump inhibitor. The phylogroups B 2 (48.45%) and A (20.65%) were the most predominant groups identified in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Conclusions This study proved the high incidence of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates in both clinical and non-clinical settings in Iran. Chromosomal gene mutations and PMQR genes were identified in ciprofloxacin resistance among E. coli population." @default.
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• W4384558985 date "2023-07-17" @default.
• W4384558985 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W4384558985 title "Prevalence and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients, healthy carriers, and wastewaters in Iran" @default.
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• W4384558985 doi "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02940-8" @default.
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