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- W4384562476 endingPage "139499" @default.
- W4384562476 startingPage "139499" @default.
- W4384562476 abstract "Nitrophenols (NPs) have significant impacts on human health, climate, and atmospheric chemistry. Despite numerous measurements of particulate NPs, still little is known about their gaseous atmospheric abundances, sources, and fate. Here, four gaseous NPs [2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), and 2-Methyl-4-nitrophenol (2-Me-4-NP)] were continuously monitored during late Spring at an urban site in Houston, Texas. Among the four NPs, 4-NP showed the highest abundance, followed by 2-Me-4-NP, 2-NP, and 2,4-DNP with average concentrations of 1.07 ± 0.19 ppt, 0.47 ± 0.12 ppt, 0.41 ± 0.16 ppt, and 0.27 ± 0.09 ppt, respectively. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified seven sources: industrial NPs, secondary formation, phenol sources, acetonitrile source, natural gas/crude oil, traffic, and petrochemical industries/oil refineries. A zero-dimensional photochemical box model was used to simulate the observed 2-NP and 2,4-DNP. A 50.0% and 70.0% jNO2 was found to be consistent with the measured 2-NP and 2,4-DNP. This yields a nitrous acid (HONO) production of 7.5 ± 2.5 ppt/h from 06:00 to 18:00 Central Standard Time (CST) from both NPs. An extrapolation including other known NPs suggests a maximum HONO formation of 13.8 ppt/h. The results of this study suggest that using PMF analysis supplemented by photochemical box model provides identification of the NPs sources and their atmospheric implication to HONO formation." @default.
- W4384562476 created "2023-07-18" @default.
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- W4384562476 creator A5033410122 @default.
- W4384562476 creator A5058356398 @default.
- W4384562476 date "2023-10-01" @default.
- W4384562476 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4384562476 title "Source apportionment of gaseous Nitrophenols and their contribution to HONO formation in an urban area" @default.
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- W4384562476 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139499" @default.
- W4384562476 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37467859" @default.
- W4384562476 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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