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- W43846108 abstract "Numerous manufacturing processes exist for the production of a wide range of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). In this chapter, the authors review and summarize the major manufacturing processes used to produce ENMs and identify the potential for exposure to ENMs and other chemicals associated with these processes. The major process groups are vapor/aerosol, liquid, and solid phase synthesis. Specific processes within each manufacturing classification are described, as are factors that potentially affect worker exposure. In the vapor/aerosol phase methods, several process-related factors were identified that may affect exposure including energy source, temperature, pressure, gas flow rates, etc. In the liquid phase methods, process-related factors included energy, solvent and solution characteristics, chemical reactions, postprocessing, etc., while fewer factors were identified for the solid phase methods including energy and milling-related factors such as milling medium, speed, time, etc. Tasks that involve opening a reaction chamber or manually manipulating ENMs tend to be associated with the highest levels of nanoparticles in workplace atmospheres. Exposures of concern during manufacturing may include the ENM product as well as chemical additives, catalysts, precursors, reactants, etc. and by-products. Properly functioning engineering controls such as local exhaust ventilation, fume hoods, and enclosures appear effective in reducing airborne particle concentrations." @default.
- W43846108 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W43846108 creator A5007894707 @default.
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- W43846108 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W43846108 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
- W43846108 title "A Review of Engineered Nanomaterial Manufacturing Processes and Associated Exposures" @default.
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- W43846108 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-096532-1.00811-6" @default.
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