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• W4384927171 endingPage "739900" @default.
• W4384927171 startingPage "739900" @default.
• W4384927171 abstract "With climate change, winter storms are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity, and result in rapid declines in water temperatures at sea-cages due to the mixing of deeper waters with cold surface waters. Given that winter storms have been associated with mortalities of Atlantic salmon in sea-cages, we acclimated fish for 5 weeks to 3 °C and: 1) maintained one group of fish at 3 °C (control group); and 2) exposed two other groups to a decline in temperature from 3 to 0 °C over 3 h, and then held them at this temperature for 4 or 24 h (i.e., to provide a ‘cold shock’). At the end of the experiment, the temperature for these latter groups was returned to 3 °C, and the fish were recovered for 5 days. Blood samples were taken before and at the end of the ‘cold shock’ (i.e., while still at 0 °C), and at 6, 24, 72 and 120 h after the fish were returned to 3 °C. A moderate stress response was measured after the ‘cold shock’ with: plasma cortisol levels transiently (at 24 h) increasing to ~30 and ~ 25 ng ml−1 in fish exposed to 0 °C for 4 and 24 h, respectively; and glucose increasing from ~3.8 mM to 5.5–6.0 mM. There were no changes in plasma lactate, indices of tissue damage, or in plasma ion concentrations. However, gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity was ~5-fold higher in fish given a ‘cold shock’ compared with those maintained at 3 °C. Finally, there were no mortalities within 120 h of the end of the ‘cold shock’. Collectively, these data indicate that Atlantic salmon have the capacity to withstand rapid declines in seawater temperature to close to 0 °C, and suggest that such phenomena alone are unlikely to be responsible for winter-related mortalities at salmon cage-sites in Iceland and Canada." @default.
• W4384927171 created "2023-07-22" @default.
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• W4384927171 date "2023-12-01" @default.
• W4384927171 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W4384927171 title "‘Cold shock’ has few physiological effects on cultured Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) acclimated to low temperatures" @default.
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• W4384927171 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739900" @default.
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