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- W4385329996 abstract "The recent investigation by Nasser et al.1 attempts to quantify whether racial and ethnic minorities—namely, black and Hispanic patients—have greater rates and/or accumulate greater costs during readmissions following breast reconstruction. Reducing hospital readmissions is an important health policy goal because it represents an opportunity to lower health care costs, improve quality, and increase patient satisfaction. In 2012, the Department of Health and Human Services established the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, which encourages hospitals to improve communication and care coordination and to better engage patients and caregivers in discharge planning.2 Although health care disparities often focus on access and outcomes, equally important is the financial impact of readmissions. Growing interest in financial toxicity demonstrates that increased cost-sharing and out-of-pocket costs are associated with worse quality of life for patients, particularly for breast cancer survivors.3 The present study found that although racial/ethnic minorities did not have a statistically significant increased risk of hospital readmission rates, black and Hispanic patients had greater hospital costs (paid by their insurers) when readmitted. Although the direct out-of-pocket cost to patients was not measured, the authors interpret this to mean that black and Hispanic patients paid more for their health care, contributing further to health care inequities. Although it is unclear why hospital costs after readmission should vary for a specific racial group, it is possible that delays in presentation, instigated by disparities in access to care, may lead to higher complexity of care on presentation to the hospital. The authors adjusted their models for confounders that could explain differences in readmission costs such as payer, patient comorbidities, and method of breast reconstruction (ie, implant versus autologous). Unfortunately, other nuanced details of breast reconstruction are not included that may contribute to readmission, including adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant radiation therapy, mastectomy pattern, and body mass index. Furthermore, the authors do not discuss the reason for readmission. Not all readmissions after breast reconstruction are going to cost the same. Readmission for pulmonary embolism may have a substantially different cost than readmission for breast cellulitis requiring return to surgery for implant removal. Reason for readmission may be unequally distributed by race and ethnicity, which could explain the variation in cost. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) publishes data in many forms ranging from state inpatient databases to the National Inpatient Sample.4 These data include hospital charges as billed to insurance; however, insurance companies pay only a fraction of charges. The HCUP uses national estimates on the difference between what was paid and what was charged. This is called a cost-to-charge ratio and can be blanket applied to the HCUP data to yield costs; unfortunately, these numbers are at best estimates. Even if HCUP costs were perfectly reflective of what hospitals got paid by insurers for health services, this does not directly translate into patient financial liability. Depending on the insurance type, an individual may have little or significant responsibility for hospital costs based on deductible type. For example, on healthcare.gov, a patient in a bronze level high-deductible health plan may have a liability ranging up to $12,500, whereas a patient in a gold level low-deductible plan may have a responsibility of only $1500. An alternative resource for health services researchers to consider, which contains more accurate information on actual costs paid by both insurers and patients, is a claims database. A drawback of claims databases is that they are often isolated to a single payer, which could be limiting when trying to perform a broader analysis on the impact of race. In summary, the current investigation has obvious merits in principle and highlights ongoing health care disparities that exist in the United States. Addressing the question with the use of a claims database and further identifying the reasons for readmission could shed additional light on the problem. DISCLOSURE Neither author has a financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this Discussion or in the associated article." @default.
- W4385329996 created "2023-07-29" @default.
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- W4385329996 date "2023-07-27" @default.
- W4385329996 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W4385329996 title "Discussion: Racial Disparities in the Cost of Unplanned Hospitalizations after Breast Reconstruction" @default.
- W4385329996 cites W2099354636 @default.
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- W4385329996 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000010415" @default.
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