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- W4385442782 abstract "Low metabolic clearance is usually a highly desirable property of drug candidates in order to reduce dose and dosing frequency. However, measurement of low clearance can be challenging in drug discovery. A number of new tools have recently been developed to address the gaps in the measurement of intrinsic clearance, identification of metabolites, and reaction phenotyping of low clearance compounds.The new methodologies of low clearance measurements are discussed, including the hepatocyte relay, HepatoPac®, HμREL®, and spheroid systems. In addition, metabolite formation rate determination and in vivo allometric scaling approaches are covered as alternative methods for low clearance measurements. With these new methods, measurement of ~ 20-fold lower limit of intrinsic clearance can be achieved. The advantages and limitations of each approach are highlighted.Although several novel methods have been developed in recent years to address the challenges of low clearance, these assays tend to be time and labor intensive and costly. Future innovations focusing on developing systems with high enzymatic activities, ultra-sensitive universal quantifiable detectors, and artificial intelligence will further enhance our ability to explore the low clearance space." @default.
- W4385442782 created "2023-08-02" @default.
- W4385442782 creator A5015723806 @default.
- W4385442782 date "2023-08-01" @default.
- W4385442782 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4385442782 title "Recent advances in measurement of metabolic clearance, metabolite profile and reaction phenotyping of low clearance compounds" @default.
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- W4385442782 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2023.2238606" @default.
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