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- W4385609429 abstract "ABSTRACT Both male and female ticks have a strong innate drive to find and blood-feed on hosts. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is considered a critical behavioral activator and attractant for ticks and an essential sensory cue to find hosts. Yet, how CO 2 activates and promotes host-seeking in ticks is poorly understood. We studied CO 2 responses in the black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis , the primary vector for Lyme disease in North America. Adult males and females were exposed to 1, 2, 4, or 8% CO 2 , and changes in walking behavior and foreleg movement were analyzed. We find that CO 2 is a potent stimulant for adult Ixodes scapularis , even at lower concentrations (1%). Behavioral reactions depend on the animal’s state: Walking ticks increase their walking speed, while stationary ticks start to wave their forelegs and begin to quest – both behaviors resembling aspects of host-seeking. Furthermore, Ixodes scapularis has no clear concentration preference and is not tuned more robust to breath-like CO 2 concentrations (∼4%) than to the other concentrations tested. As soon as the CO 2 level is above a certain threshold, Ixodes scapularis react, indicating that CO 2 acts as a behavioral activator and can be used as a long-distance cue to detect approaching hosts. Moreover, we provide convincing evidence that the foreleg Haller’s organ is not necessary for CO 2 detection. Even with disabled or amputated Haller’s organ, Ixodes scapularis respond robustly to CO 2 , signifying that there must be CO 2 -sensitive structures important for tick host-seeking that have not yet been identified." @default.
- W4385609429 created "2023-08-06" @default.
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- W4385609429 date "2023-08-05" @default.
- W4385609429 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4385609429 title "The black-legged tick<i>Ixodes scapularis</i>detects CO<sub>2</sub>without the Haller’s organ" @default.
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- W4385609429 doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.03.551779" @default.
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