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- W4385728024 startingPage "166233" @default.
- W4385728024 abstract "Forest areas infected by insects are increasing in Europe and North America due to accelerating climate change. A 2000–2020 mass budget study on major elements (C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K) in the atmosphere-plant-soil-water systems of two unmanaged catchments enabled us to evaluate changes in pools and fluxes related to tree dieback and long-term accumulation/losses during the post-glacial period. A bark-beetle outbreak killed >75 % of all trees in a mature mountain spruce forest in one catchment and all dead biomass was left on site. A similar forest in a nearby catchment was only marginally affected. We observed that: (1) the long-term (millennial) C and N accumulation in soils averaged 10–22 and 0.5–1.1 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, while losses of Ca, Mg, and K from soils ranged from 0.1 to 2.6 kg ha−1 yr−1. (2) Only <0.8 % and <1.5 % of the respective total C and N fluxes entering the soil annually from vegetation were permanently stored in soils. (3) The post-disturbance decomposition of dead tree biomass reduced vegetation element pools from 27 % (C) to 73 % (P) between 2004 and 2019. (4) Tree dieback decreased net atmospheric element inputs to the impacted catchment, and increased the leaching of all elements and gaseous losses of C (~2.3 t ha−1 yr−1) and N (~14 kg ha−1 yr−1). The disturbed catchment became a net C source, but ~50 % of the N released from dead biomass accumulated in soils. (5) Despite the severe forest disturbance, the dissolved losses of Ca and Mg represented 52–58 % of their leaching from intact stands during the peaking atmospheric acidification from 1970 to 1990. (6) Disturbance-related net leaching of P, Ca, Mg, and K were 4, 69, 16, and 114 kg ha−1, respectively, which represented 7–38 % of the losses potentially related to sanitary logging and subsequent removal of the aboveground tree biomass." @default.
- W4385728024 created "2023-08-11" @default.
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- W4385728024 date "2023-12-01" @default.
- W4385728024 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W4385728024 title "Carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes in unmanaged mountain Norway spruce forests, and losses after natural tree dieback" @default.
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- W4385728024 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166233" @default.
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- W4385728024 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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