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• W4385846170 abstract "In this paper the role of the atmospheric refraction in the measurements of positions of artificial satellites and celestial objects are investigated. An analytically approximated expression for the calculation of the atmospheric refraction angle as a function of the zenithal angle referred to the position of the satellite or the celestial object is presented. The formula obtained is valid for any virtual position (from the zenith to the astronomical horizon). The theoretical predictions are then compared with values obtained with other methods and published elsewhere. It is found that there is a maximum error of 6 per cent between these theoretical predictions and the available published data. The analytical results obtained by direct integration are in good agreement with the results obtained by numerical computation, using standard numerical methods. The formula obtained is particularly appropriate for the determination of the refraction angle of electromagnetic waves in the neighborhood of the astronomical horizon. The influence of temperature gradients is also investigated. A discussion is presented on the maximum fluctuation of the atmospheric refraction when the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave is orthogonal to the direction of the temperature gradient. REFRAÇÃO ATMOSFÉRICA DO ZÊNITE ATÉ O HORIZONTE Investigamos o efeito da refração atmosférica na determinação da posição aparente de um astro ou de um satélite artificial da Terra. Determinamos analiticamente uma expressão aproximada para o cálculo da refração atmosférica em função do ângulo zenital referente à posição aparente do astro ou satélite. A fórmula deduzida neste trabalho é válida para qualquer valor do ângulo zenital (desde zero até 90°, no horizonte). Os valores obtidos mediante aplicação desta fórmula concordam razoavelmente com resultados semelhantes que já existem na literatura (obtidos por outros métodos). Verificamos que os resultados analíticos baseados no método desenvolvido neste trabalho concordam satisfatoriamente com os resultados decorrentes dos cálculos feitos no computador mediante aplicação de métodos usuais para a integração numérica. Mostramos que a fórmula aproximada obtida é particularmente adequada para a determinação da refração decorrente de ondas eletromagnéticas nas vizinhanças do horizonte astronômico. Discutimos a influência da temperatura sobre as variações da refração atmosférica em função do ângulo zenital. Estimamos alguns valores para as flutuações máximas da refração atmosférica quando a direção da incidência da onda eletromagnética é ortogonal à direção do gradiente de temperatura." @default.
• W4385846170 created "2023-08-16" @default.
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• W4385846170 date "2018-07-18" @default.
• W4385846170 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
• W4385846170 title "A Refraction from the Zenith to the Horizon" @default.
• W4385846170 doi "https://doi.org/10.22564/brjg.v8i1-2.1084" @default.
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