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- W4386026889 abstract "<strong class=journal-contentHeaderColor>Abstract.</strong> The 21<sup>st</sup> June 2019 Raikoke eruption (48° N,153° E) generated one of the largest amounts of sulfur emission to the stratosphere since the 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption. Satellite measurements indicate a consensus best estimate of 1.5 Tg for the sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) injected at an altitude of around 14–15 km. The peak northern hemisphere mean 525 nm Stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depth (SAOD) increased to 0.025, a factor of three higher than background levels. The Volcano Response (VolRes) initiative provided a platform for the community to share information about this eruption, which significantly enhanced coordination efforts in the days after the eruption. A multi-platform satellite observation sub-group formed to prepare an initial report to present eruption parameters including SO<sub>2</sub> emissions and their vertical distribution for the modelling community. It allowed to make the first estimate of what would be the peak in SAOD one week after the eruption using a simple volcanic aerosol model. In this retrospective analysis, we show that revised volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injection profiles yield a higher peak injection of the SO<sub>2</sub> mass. This highlights difficulties in accurately representing the vertical distribution for moderate SO<sub>2</sub> explosive eruptions in the lowermost stratosphere due to limited vertical sensitivity of current satellite sensors (+/- 2 km accuracy) and low horizontal resolution of lidar observations. We also show that the SO<sub>2</sub> lifetime initially assumed in the simple aerosol model was overestimated by 66 %, pointing to challenges for simple models to capture how the life cycle of volcanic gases and aerosols depends on the SO<sub>2</sub> injection magnitude, latitude and height. Using revised injection profile, modelling results indicate a peak northern hemisphere monthly mean SAOD at 525 nm of 0.024, in excellent agreement with observations, associated with a global monthly mean radiative forcing of -0.17 W/m<sup>2</sup> resulting in an annual global mean surface temperature anomalies of -0.028 K. Given the relatively small magnitude of the forcing, it is unlikely that the surface response can be dissociated from surface temperature variability." @default.
- W4386026889 created "2023-08-22" @default.
- W4386026889 date "2023-08-21" @default.
- W4386026889 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W4386026889 title "Comment on egusphere-2023-1116" @default.
- W4386026889 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1116-rc2" @default.
- W4386026889 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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