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• W4386086076 abstract "Contemporaneously in Tanzania more than 80% of the population up to date still use out-of-pocket payment whenever accessing health care services and most of the time end up suffering financial hardship. There is limited access to quality health care services and rural areas suffer the most, hence alerting the Ministry of Health to initiate strategies towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). To manage rising health care costs and safeguard citizens against unanticipated charges, it has been a prime concern for each country to engineer UHC as it tends to include the full spectrum of essential, quality health services which range from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care. Due to the fast growth of the population in Tanzania, which is expected to reach 89.2 million in 2035, the health care systems should as well match with the time changes1,2. Tanzania established health insurance in the middle of the 1990s. Both the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and the Community Health Fund (CHF) were put into effect in 1996 and 2001, respectively. The CHF is voluntary and covers up to 6 family members for a fixed annual payment. It is aimed at the informal and rural population. The NHIF was formerly only available to government employees as a benefit, but in 2013, it was made voluntary for the informal sector and now covers up to six family members nationwide. Currently, 6% of Tanzanians are insured by NHIF, whereas 24% are covered by CHF3. The important decisions that Tanzania had to make to move closer to having UHC are to reduce the percentage of out-of-pocket expenses in overall health spending, safeguard the population who work in the informal sector financially, streamline the current financing arrangements, and more fairly distribute the financial and human resources for public health. Therefore, the country introduced a bill of law for the introduction of Universal Health Insurance (UHI)4. For organizing and managing comprehensive preventive and curative treatments, Tanzania districts are regarded as being essential, Although Tanzania has made improvements to the primary care and district hospital infrastructure, there are still questions about the effectiveness of the public health services and the unequal geographic distribution of the health care facilities. Tanzania keeps giving districts top priority in its attempts to offer affordable and high-quality health care services despite these obstacles. Research conducted in Tanzania shows that workers in the informal sector, particularly those in rural areas, are increasingly using and accepting health insurance where the majority of them live in district and rural areas3,5. Although Tanzania has made some improvements to the primary health care services and hospital infrastructures, there are still questions about the effectiveness of the public health services, unequal geographic distribution of the health care facilities, number of health care workers, and finance3. To address the challenges, Tanzania has deployed UHI alongside primary health care as a cost-effective and efficient means stepping stone towards UHC. Citizens will be required to contribute to the NHIF in equal exchange for good-quality essential health services, access to health services, and most importantly financial-risk protection. In conclusion, its paramount to consider empowering individuals, families, and communities to strengthen their health and importantly to become advocates for the formulated policies that promote and protect health and well-being. Although there may be objections to the instrumentation of the UHI pattern, it represents a promising path to providing financial protection and access to quality health services for all Tanzanians. Mimicking Tanzania’s strategies of incorporating UHI as a stepping stone towards UHC, it can be of importance for the low and middle-income countries to attain Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 3, which are no poverty, as well as good health and well-being, respectively, by 2030. Ethical approval Ethics approval was not required for this correspondence. Sources of funding We did not receive any financial support for this manuscript. Author contribution S.A.K.: conceptualization, writing, and editing. J.R.T.: writing and editing. Conflicts of interest disclosure The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report. Research registration unique identifying number (UIN) Not applicable. Guarantor Jovin Rushagala Tibenderana. Consent Informed consent was not required for this correspondence. Data availability statement Not applicable." @default.
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• W4386086076 title "Reimaging of health care: Tanzania’s quest and bold step towards universal health coverage deploying universal health insurance as a catalyst" @default.
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