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• W4386157038 endingPage "126005" @default.
• W4386157038 startingPage "126005" @default.
• W4386157038 abstract "Abstract The limited tritium resources available for the first fusion power plants (FPPs) make fuel self-sufficiency and tritium inventory minimization leading issues in FPP design. This work builds on the model proposed by Abdou et al (2020 Nucl. Fusion 61 013001), which analyzed the fuel cycle (FC) of a DEMOnstration nuclear FPP-class FPP with a time-dependent system-level model. Here, we use a modified version of their model to analyze the FC of an Affordable, Robust, Compact (ARC)-class tokamak and two versions of a Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)-class tokamak. The ARC-class tokamak breeds tritium in a 2LiF + BeF 2 liquid immersion blanket, while the STEP-class tokamak breeds tritium utilizing either a liquid-lithium blanket design or an encapsulated breeding blanket. A time-dependent system-level model is developed in Matlab Simulink ® to simulate the evolution of tritium flows and tritium inventories in the FC. The main goals of this work are to assess tritium self-sufficiency of the ARC- and STEP-class designs and to determine quantitative design requirements that can be used to analyze the adequacy of a proposed FC system. These design requirements are aimed at achieving a low tritium inventory doubling time ( <?CDATA $t_mathrm{d}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>d</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) and a low start-up inventory ( <?CDATA $I_{mathrm{startup}}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>t</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>t</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>u</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) while keeping the required tritium breeding ratio (TBR <?CDATA $_mathrm{r}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> </mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) as low as possible. We also consider how improvements in FC technology and POs affect TBR <?CDATA $_mathrm{r}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:msub> <mml:mi /> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and <?CDATA $I_{mathrm{startup}}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>t</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>t</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>u</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . The model results show that TBR <?CDATA $_mathrm{r}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:msub> <mml:mi /> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for ARC- and STEP-class FPPs should be achievable if the tritium burn efficiency (TBE) reaches 0.5%–1% (TBR <?CDATA $_mathrm{r},lt,$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> </mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=normal>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> </mml:math> 1.2). This assumes significant, but attainable, improvements over current abilities. However, the model results indicate that an FPP must achieve ambitious performance targets, including FPP availability <?CDATA $gt $?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> </mml:math> 70%, tritium processing time <?CDATA $lt $?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> </mml:math> 4 h, and the implementation of direct internal recycling (DIR). If future research yields major improvements to achievable TBE, it may be possible to achieve tritium self-sufficiency while operating at lower availability and without implementing DIR." @default.
• W4386157038 created "2023-08-26" @default.
• W4386157038 creator A5003957697 @default.
• W4386157038 creator A5019568418 @default.
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• W4386157038 creator A5087664822 @default.
• W4386157038 date "2023-09-14" @default.
• W4386157038 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W4386157038 title "Modeling and analysis of the tritium fuel cycle for ARC- and STEP-class D-T fusion power plants" @default.
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• W4386157038 doi "https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acf3fc" @default.
• W4386157038 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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