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- W4386164038 abstract "Unlike most other living organisms on this planet, plants are immobile. Given their sessile nature, plants are unable to escape from stressors, thus plants face enormous environmental pressures. One way, plants cope with environmental stress, both at the biotic and abiotic level, is by finely allocating resources into different functions, among which the majors are growth and defence. Despite the rising research focus on this matter, a global understanding of the eco-evolutionary processes responsible for plant resources allocation into growth and defence is still vague. Soil-borne microbes, which include bacteria and fungi, are promising candidates to alleviate such environmental stress acting on plants. The omnipresence of microbes and their long co-evolutionary history with plants qualify them as extremely valuable for plant life. Due to the microbes’ dual function in enhancing plant productivity and defence against herbivores, across ecological gradients, plants may associate with specific microbes to obtain distinct benefits. The thesis presented here is an attempt to shed light on how plants interact with microorganisms across changing environments. The thesis is composed of three major goals. First, I investigated and dissected the interaction of root-associate microbes (RAMs) and climate in shaping Plantago major growth and defence phenotype across an elevation gradient at the intraspecific level (Chapters I and II). I found that climatic conditions regulate P. major growth traits, while defensive traits where rather genetically fixed (Chapter I). Subsequently, I found that local elevation RAMs promoted the growth of Plantago major populations, while chemical defences were overall higher when low elevation microbes were present (Chapter II). Finally, in Chapter III, I unravelled macro-evolutionary trends in plant colonization levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the resulting plant growth and defence responsiveness. To do this, I compared 24 species of Plantago L. in a common environment with and without AMF. I found that plant interspecific variation in AMF colonization, and growth and defence plant responsiveness to AMF were driven by both plant's evolutionary history and climatic niche convergence at different levels (Chapter III). My thesis enhanced our understanding of how plants strategically respond to variation in environmental conditions by diverting resources into growth or defence in the presence of soil-borne beneficial microorganisms. The novelty of combining both climatic and biotic factor influencing both plants growth and defence at different scales of life organization may inspire further and deeper investigation on how plant locally adapt to biotic and abiotic conditions across ecosystems." @default.
- W4386164038 created "2023-08-26" @default.
- W4386164038 creator A5052786206 @default.
- W4386164038 date "2023-08-25" @default.
- W4386164038 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W4386164038 title "The effect of climate and soil microorganisms on plants growth-defence strategies" @default.
- W4386164038 doi "https://doi.org/10.35662/unine-these-2851" @default.
- W4386164038 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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