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• W4386395082 abstract "Reviewed by: Carbon Technocracy: Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia by Victor Seow Judd Kinzley Victor Seow. Carbon Technocracy: Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia. Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021. 399 pp. Hardcover ($40.00), softcover ($27.50), or e-book. The town of Fushun in Liaoning Province, in China's Northeast, is notable primarily for the five-mile-long by one-mile-wide open-pit mine located just outside of town. The gash in the earth is what remains of a coalfield first developed by Japanese technocrats in the 1920s and continued by their Chinese Nationalist Party and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) counterparts. But as Victor Seow shows in his new work, Carbon Technocracy: Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia, the region's scars are not limited to those gouged out of the earth, they are also borne by local communities and the laborers who worked the region's coal seams. Drawing on an impressive transnational archive of sources collected from repositories across East Asia, Seow reveals how technically trained experts, empowered by modern states in China and Japan, built the massive coal production regime at Fushun. No matter their ideological inclination, these experts, he argues, were united in a technocratic mindset that prompted them to strive to reach production targets despite the often staggering cost in environmental degradation and human lives. Seow's work offers a new perspective on the twentieth-century fossil fuel turn, which has long been examined by scholars who have highlighted the powerful role of businesses and private interests. In contrast, the state, as Seow writes, has been overwhelmingly influential and invasive yet concurrently insidious and, at times, even invisible (11). While at times Seow is perhaps too diligent in his effort at bringing the state back in and risks ascribing too much power to a monolithic state, his work is an important course correction, and it has much to offer the emerging field of energy history. At its core, Carbon Technocracy is a powerful work of transnational history. It is largely chronological, with chapters structured around the various regimes tapped to exploit Fushun's coal wealth from the 1920s into the mid-1950s. While it touches briefly on Russian investment in the region and the presence of several Chinese merchants who were producing coal around Fushun in the early years of the Chinese Republic, Seow's work begins with the emergence of what Bruce Braun argued was the emergence of a vertical perception of territory (29).1 This perception, shared by geologists across the Western world in the nineteenth century, was, Seow argues, primarily embraced by Japanese technocrats eager to exploit Manchuria's resource wealth. From there, Seow traces the intensification of Japanese production at Fushun, a process that was driven by groups of Japanese technicians connected to a constellation of public-private entities, including the South Manchurian Railway Company (Mantetsu) and the Manchurian Coal Mine Company (Mantan). Seow's work reveals that these technicians sought to maximize production not only through the importation of new technologies and new exploitation strategies but also through the aggressive control of labor with the implementation of fingerprint technologies, housing organization schemes, and scientific control of diets. [End Page E-18] Fushun existed as what Seow refers to as the pitch black heart of Japan's empire of energy (2). But this system of control and the effort to maximize production that this empire embodied continued even after the withdrawal of Japan from the region. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Republic of China sought to establish its own enterprise under the direction of the National Resources Commission amid the postwar chaos in Manchuria. Later, after 1949, the exploitive means perfected by the Japanese and built upon by their counterparts in the Republic of China were adopted wholesale by the CCP. While Seow does well to point to the irony in the CCP's embrace of a Japanese-inspired technocratic regime at Fushun in the early to mid-1950s, it would have been helpful had he also pointed to the efforts to construct a Maoist model that rejected technocracy in favor of popular mobilization in the..." @default.
• W4386395082 created "2023-09-03" @default.
• W4386395082 date "2023-10-01" @default.
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• W4386395082 title "Carbon Technocracy: Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia by Victor Seow (review)" @default.
• W4386395082 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2023.a905562" @default.
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