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- W4386431870 abstract "The extracellular layers which are not cell extensions are the mucus and the peritrophic membrane (PM). The mucus is a viscous material overlaying the cells made by highly glycosylated proteins known as mucus-forming mucins. The mucus is found widespread in insects, where it plays a role in the protection against coarse food (due to lubrication), microorganism invasion, and chemical injury, as caused by acids in some insect midgut regions. PM is a membranous sheath surrounding the food bolus. The term “peritrophic matrix” proposed to replace peritrophic membrane is based on misconceptions and should be avoided. Most insects have a PM, with the remarkable exception of hemipterans that have instead microvilli-associated membranes. PM is composed of chitin and the integral proteins of PM, the peritrophins. Associated with PM are digestive enzymes which actually occur in a mucus layer surrounding the PM. Peritrophins have chitin-binding domains (CBD) and may also have mucin-like domains. Typical PM peritrophins have more than three CBDs, whereas peritrophins with one or three CBDs are cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophins (CPAPs). PM once formed is modified by chitinases and chitin deacetylases. PM pores are estimated to be 7–8.5 nm from the diameters of enzymes passing or retained by PM. PM peritrophins are thought to originate from mucins, which acquired chitin-binding domains before insect divergence from Nematoda. PM is supposed to result from selective pressures to enhance digestive efficiency, and hence insect performance, by dividing the midgut into two compartments. Models to explain how PM enhances insect digestive efficiency were proposed and tested with experimental models." @default.
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- W4386431870 date "2023-01-01" @default.
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- W4386431870 title "Midgut Extracellular Layers and Their Function" @default.
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