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• W4386442023 endingPage "100658" @default.
• W4386442023 startingPage "100658" @default.
• W4386442023 abstract "Pain-associated knee joint disorders are common in daily life. Practically, knee pain should be divided into the origin from the isolated tibiofemoral (TF), isolated patellofemoral (PF) joint, or a combination thereof. The TF joint controls the actions of level walking, while the PF joint controls knee flexion-extension. Owing to its sufficient inherent stability, non-traumatic disorders of the isolated TF joint in young individuals are uncommon. In contrast, because of its insufficient inherent stability, non-traumatic disorders of the isolated PF joint are common in young individuals. Patellar malalignment (PM) associated with knee pain is common in all age groups, and the most common predisposing factor is imbalanced peripatellar soft-tissue tension. The outward forces acting on the patella are caused by pulling from the quadriceps femoris during knee flexion to extension (manifested by the quadriceps angle [Q-angle]), and sliding backward of the iliotibial band (ITB) during knee extension to flexion. Once the muscle power of the vastus medialis (especially the vastus medialis obliquus [VMO]) decreases, which lowers the counteracting effect against outward forces, the patella displaces or rotates laterally. The reduced contact surface between the patella and the femoral condyle significantly increases the compressive pressure and injures the articular cartilage. Subsequently, progressive PF degeneration occurs. Although other factors may also cause PM, they are relatively uncommon. In principle, nonsurgical treatment of PM should be considered first, while surgical treatment should follow established indications. Some nonsurgical techniques are currently widely used that feature high satisfaction rates. Surgical techniques are continuously being developed, and their success rates have gradually improved. This study aimed to review the current literature for relevant studies and report related publications of the author’s institution to emphasize the universality and importance of PM management. Conceptually, simply focusing on problems of the TF joint cannot treat all knee disorders." @default.
• W4386442023 created "2023-09-06" @default.
• W4386442023 creator A5090916333 @default.
• W4386442023 date "2023-10-01" @default.
• W4386442023 modified "2023-10-08" @default.
• W4386442023 title "Patellar malalignment: A common disorder associated with knee pain" @default.
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• W4386442023 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2023.100658" @default.
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• W4386442023 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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