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• W4386475442 endingPage "1213" @default.
• W4386475442 startingPage "1213" @default.
• W4386475442 abstract "Vertebrates have diverse morphologies and various anatomical novelties that set them apart from their closest invertebrate relatives. A conspicuous head housing a large brain, paired sense organs, and protected by a skeleton of cartilage and bone is unique to vertebrates and is a defining feature of this taxon. Gans and Northcutt (1980s) proposed that the evolution of this new head was dependent on two key developmental innovations: neural crest cells (NCCs) and ectodermal placodes. NCCs are migratory embryonic cells that form bone, cartilage, and neurons in the new head. Based on genome size, Ohno (1970s) proposed a separate hypothesis, stating that vertebrate genome content was quadrupled via two rounds (2R) of whole genome duplications (WGDs), and the surplus of genetic material potentiated vertebrate morphological diversification. While both hypotheses offer explanations for vertebrate success, it is unclear if, and how, the new head and 2R hypotheses are linked. Here, we consider both hypotheses and evaluate the experimental evidence connecting the two. Overall, evidence suggests that while the origin of the NC GRN predates the vertebrate WGDs, these genomic events may have potentiated the evolution of distinct genetic subnetworks in different neural crest subpopulations. We describe the general composition of the NC GRN and posit that its increased developmental modularity facilitated the independent evolution of NC derivatives and the diversification of the vertebrate head skeleton. Lastly, we discuss experimental strategies needed to test whether gene duplications drove the diversification of neural crest derivatives and the new head." @default.
• W4386475442 created "2023-09-07" @default.
• W4386475442 creator A5043356228 @default.
• W4386475442 creator A5083794978 @default.
• W4386475442 date "2023-09-06" @default.
• W4386475442 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4386475442 title "Linking Vertebrate Gene Duplications to the New Head Hypothesis" @default.
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