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• W4386477030 abstract "“How beautiful yellow is,” wrote Vincent Willem van Gogh, the Dutch post-impressionist painter (1854–1890) who was unarguably one of the greatest artists ever. He was a true genius, and like many who belong to this genre, he was considered to be different and troubled. Following rejection at love and disillusionment with theology and religion, he was plagued by mental health issues (auto mutilation, depression, insanity) throughout much of his artistic days, tragically culminating in his suicide at the age of 37 years. Van Gogh was a quiet person, and had few friends. One close companion was a doctor by the name of Paul Ferdinand Gachet, who was part friend, part personal physician after van Gogh was admitted to the asylum at Saint-Remy in 1889. “I have found a true friend in Dr. Gachet, something like another brother, so much do we resemble each other physically and also mentally,” van Gogh wrote to his sister. As was common during the era, digitalis was used extensively for various medical and mental maladies. It is postulated that Dr Gachet prescribed digitalis extracts as treatment for Van Gogh’s psychotic illness and mania, which in turn led to xanthopsia (yellow vision) and manifested in his brilliant masterpieces (Vase with Fifteen Flowers, the Reaper series) as vivid hues of yellow. One of the strong reasons for this hypothesis is the 1890 painting “Portrait of Dr Gachet” which features the foxglove plant (the source of digitalis) beside the doctor [Figure 1].[1]Figure 1:: Portrait of Dr. GachetDespite this story’s potential for evoking a romantic interest, there are of course valid counter arguments that make pure artistic preference a more likely reason than the exotic medical explanations that have been published over the years.[2] Dr Gachet himself had written in a treatise that “We understand the physiologic effects of this plant well enough today to be afraid of its dangers, and strongly advise against its use, since it can produce syncope by slowing the heartbeat and it can cause paralysis of that organ.” Therefore, knowing the potential for adverse effects, it seems unlikely that the doctor would have prescribed a dose high enough to produce the toxic effects of digitalis. There is also a historical record of the doctor testing the painter’s vision and finding it to be normal, including color vision (probably tested by methods used for rail road workers at the time).[3] Perhaps a more obvious counterpoint would be van Gogh’s use of yellow in his earlier paintings (most notably in the famous “Sunflowers”), much before the alleged exposure to digitalis. “Oh yes, he loved yellow, this good Vincent, this painter from Holland” was in fact an observation by fellow painter Paul Gauguin (1848–1903). It would also not be just to limit van Gogh’s understanding and mastery of color to yellow, as is evident in other creations with equally strong use of blue. Interestingly, other ophthalmologic conditions like angle closure glaucoma and even lead poisoning have been invoked to explain his penchant for yellow, the “halo” effect (The Night Café) and the blue-green scotomata that manifested in many of his works. Overall, the xanthopsia story seems unlikely to be true.[4] One century and a quarter later, van Gogh’s yellows continue to enchant us. It hardly matters whether or not they were related to digoxin. “You don’t analyse such sunlit perfection: you just bask in its warmth and splendour,” wrote Stephen Fry about P.G. Wodehouse. Perhaps this is applicable to van Gogh too. Science cannot, and probably must not, try to explain the beauty, soul, and maybe the color of art. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest." @default.
• W4386477030 created "2023-09-07" @default.
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• W4386477030 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4386477030 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W4386477030 title "They were all yellow: The intriguing story of Vincent van Gogh and Digoxin" @default.
• W4386477030 doi "https://doi.org/10.4103/hfji.hfji_8_23" @default.
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