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- W4386477980 abstract "Abstract Gamma-ray flares of blazars may be accompanied by high-energy neutrinos due to interactions of high-energy cosmic rays in the jet with photons, as suggested by the detection of the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A during a major gamma-ray flare from blazar TXS 0506+056 at the ∼3 σ significance level. In this work, we present a statistical study of gamma-ray emission from blazars to constrain the contribution of gamma-ray flares to their neutrino output. We construct weekly binned light curves for 145 gamma-ray bright blazars in the Fermi Large Area Telescope Monitored Source List adding TXS 0506+056. We derive the fraction of time spent in the flaring state (flare duty cycle) and the fraction of energy released during each flare from the light curves with a Bayesian blocks algorithm. We find that blazars with lower flare duty cycles and energy fractions are more numerous among our sample. We identify a significant difference in flare duty cycles between blazar subclasses at a significance level of 5%. Then using a general scaling relation for the neutrino and gamma-ray luminosities, <?CDATA ${L}_{nu }propto {({L}_{gamma })}^{gamma }$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML overflow=scroll> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∝</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> with a weighting exponent of γ = 1.0–2.0, normalized to the quiescent gamma-ray or X-ray flux of each blazar, we evaluate the neutrino energy flux of each gamma-ray flare. The gamma-ray flare distribution indicates that blazar neutrino emission may be dominated by flares for γ ≳ 1.5. The neutrino energy fluxes for 1 week and 10 yr bins are compared with the decl.-dependent IceCube sensitivity to constrain the standard neutrino emission models for gamma-ray flares. Finally, we present the upper-limit contribution of blazar gamma-ray flares to the isotropic diffuse neutrino flux." @default.
- W4386477980 created "2023-09-07" @default.
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- W4386477980 date "2023-09-01" @default.
- W4386477980 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4386477980 title "Flare Duty Cycle of Gamma-Ray Blazars and Implications for High-energy Neutrino Emission" @default.
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- W4386477980 doi "https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acea74" @default.
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