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• W4386566232 endingPage "106022" @default.
• W4386566232 startingPage "106022" @default.
• W4386566232 abstract "Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic disease of ruminants endemic in the UK and other countries and responsible for large economic losses for the dairy sector. JD is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), which typically infects calves that remain latently infected during a long period, making early detection of infection challenging. Cow to calf transmission can occur via in-utero, milk/colostrum or faecal-orally. Understanding of the different transmission routes to calves is important in informing control recommendations. Our aim in this longitudinal study was to measure the association between the transmission routes via the dam and the environment on a calf subsequently testing serologically positive for MAP. The study population comprised of 439 UK dairy calves from 6 herds enrolled between 2012-2013. These calves were followed up from birth until 2023. At birth individual calf data was captured. During follow-up, individuals entering the milking herd were quarterly tested for the presence of MAP antibodies using milk ELISA. Cox regression models were used to measure the association between transmission routes either via the dam (in-utero and/or colostrum) or via environmental (long time in dirty yard) routes and time to first detection of MAP infection. After adjustment for confounding, to estimate combined in-utero route and environment route from dam, calves born to positive dams remained associated with an increased probability of having a MAP positive test result (Hazard ratio: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.14 – 4.41). In cows unlikely to be infected with MAP via the in-utero or colostrum route, the hazard ratio for calves that stayed longer in a dirty calving area was 3.68 (95% CI: 3.68 1.45-9.33). Our results suggest the in-utero route plays a role in MAP transmission. The association between staying longer in a dirty calving area and probability of positive test result for MAP suggests environmental contamination is also an important risk factor." @default.
• W4386566232 created "2023-09-10" @default.
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• W4386566232 date "2023-10-01" @default.
• W4386566232 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W4386566232 title "Unravelling transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis to dairy calves: results of a lifelong longitudinal study" @default.
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• W4386566232 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106022" @default.
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