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• W4386574516 endingPage "100536" @default.
• W4386574516 startingPage "100536" @default.
• W4386574516 abstract "Novel sub-micron, spherical, bio-based carbon materials with hollow-core characteristics were synthesized from spherical lignin particle (SLP) hybrid precursors via thermo-stabilization and carbonization. Primarily, the mixture of bagasse lignin (BG-L) and palm-kernel-shell lignin (PKS-L) with an addition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) at different BG-L:PKS-L:DCP ratios were utilized to prepare SLPs through anti-solvent precipitation. Interestingly, as-prepared SLPs having 250-331 nm diameter contained hollow cores of 41-223 nm inside the spherical particles. A mechanism of hollow-core formation was also proposed. Effects of BG-L:PKS-L:DCP ratio, heating rate (HR), oxygen flow rate (O2 FR), and stabilization time (SBT) on spherical shape retention of SLPs after thermo-stabilization were systematically investigated and a cross-link pathway was suggested. The spherical aspect of SLPs having hollow cores was successfully maintained at optimal conditions of 250 oC for 1 h with a HR of 0.3 oC/min under O2 FR of 3 L/min using a BG-L:PKS-L:DCP ratio of 1:1:1 by wt. After carbonization at 900-1200 oC, spherical carbon particles (SCPs) with hollow cores were obtained, possessing high carbon (C) element of ≅ 93-96 %, high specific surface area of ≅ 308-593 m2/g, and high order of graphitic structure (ID/IG ratio ≅ 1). The average particle size of SCPs and hollow-core dimension were ≅ 171-224 and 80-107 nm, respectively. The polylactic acid (PLA)/SCP composite films were prepared using SCPs at different carbonization temperatures and loadings via a solution casting technique. The composite film containing 20 wt% of SCPs carbonized at 900 oC (SCPs-900) provided the surface resistance of ≅ 3 × 105 Ω and tribo-charge voltage of 0 V, appropriate for electrostatic dissipative (ED) applications. The Young’s modulus and elongation at break of the PLA/SCP-900 (20 wt%) composite film were ≅ 3.4 MPa and 2.0 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate a feasible and effective approach to utilize biomass-based lignin for producing carbon particles with unique features as renewable and sustainable conductive fillers in polymer composites." @default.
• W4386574516 created "2023-09-10" @default.
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• W4386574516 date "2023-12-01" @default.
• W4386574516 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W4386574516 title "Sub-micron spherical carbon particles with hollow cores from lignin-based hybrid precursors: Preparation, characterization, and electrostatic dissipative application" @default.
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• W4386574516 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2023.100536" @default.
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