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- W4386762039 abstract "The term ‘sample size’ is commonly used interchangeably with ‘number of animals’. However, sample size is not necessarily the same thing. Other frequently confused or conflated terms include ‘replicate’, ‘experimental unit’, ‘biological unit’, and ‘technical replicate’. Sample size justification is determined by the number of experimental units. Experimental units are the smallest entity that can be randomly and independently allocated to a group and is the focus of statistical inference. The experimental unit may be a single animal, a group of animals in a cluster (e.g. litter or cage), or part of an animal. The biological unit is the entity about which inferences are made (e.g. strains of mice, cell lines). Technical replicates are subsamples obtained from one experimental unit and are used to assess variation due to measurement; they cannot be used to test inferences about the main hypothesis. Incorrect specification of the experimental unit results in pseudo-replication. Pseudo-replication occurs when observations are analysed as if they are independent units but are actually correlated or related hierarchically. Conflation of unit identification and source of variation results in inflated sample size estimates, false positives, and biased research results. This chapter defines key terminology and provides examples." @default.
- W4386762039 created "2023-09-16" @default.
- W4386762039 date "2023-09-15" @default.
- W4386762039 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4386762039 title "Sample Size Basics" @default.
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- W4386762039 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119800002.ch2" @default.
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