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- W4386866634 abstract "Complementary solutions to Li-ion batteries must be studied for the growing need for energy demand. Accordingly, we have been interested in developing negative electrode materials of TiO 2 capable of reversibly intercalating proton ions for aqueous batteries. One of these batteries’ main challenges comes from the low potential window available. Aqueous batteries cannot provide sufficient energy density with a thermodynamic working potential of only 1.23V. To do so, we have optimized the intrinsic transport properties of proton-ions can lead to the reduction of side reactions such as Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Solvothermal route synthesis made at different temperatures (from 90°C to 150°C) gives access to different TiO 2 structures. At 90°C, a lamellar type lepidocrocite is obtained, including sheets of “TiO 2 ” and water in the inter-lamellar spaces. This inter-lamellar space allows proton conduction by the Grotthus mechanism [1]. But, lepidocrocite type TiO 2 has been shown to be a non-conductive ionic conductor. To make it conductive, different cations can be inserted into the inter-lamellar space during the solvothermal synthesis, thus allowing the reorganization of water molecules, then facilitating the intercalation, conduction, and diffusion of protons [2]. Several levels of Zn 2+ were tested: from 10 to 50 mol% relative to Ti 4 + . At 150°C, we have been able to stabilize a complete condensed anatase (one polymorph of TiO 2 ) phase while a defect anatase phase has been synthesized at a temperature between 90°C and 150°C. Interestingly, the quantity of defect can be tuned by the temperature and the hydrolysis ratio, h=n H2O /n Ti =3.33 [3]. These defects are mainly cationic vacancies, thanks to X-Ray Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis. The electrochemical properties of these materials (shaped with carbon black as conductive support and Nafion as a binder) were studied in half-cell aqueous electrolyte buffered at pH 5 (CH 3 COOH/CH 3 COOK, pKa = 4.76, (1M)). Experimental capacities of more than 100 mAh/g, 80% of coulombic efficiency over 100 cycles have been obtained and potentials down to -1.4V (V vs Ag/AgCl, KCl saturated) have been achieved. For defective anatase (synthesized at 110°C), the CV curves exhibit two distinct peaks that can be linked to the co-existence of two sites for proton intercalation. The proton can be intercalated either inside a vacancy or within the lattice. This behavior allows a promising working potential of -1.6V with a gravimetric capacity of 250 mAh.g -1 with a 90% of efficiency over 50 cycles. Finally, the relationship between structure and electrochemical properties will be discussed in this presentation with the objective of designing an efficient MnO 2 /TiO 2 aqueous battery. REFERENCE: [1] Wu, X.; Hong, J. J.; Shin, W.; Ma, L.; Liu, T.; Bi, X.; Yuan, Y.; Qi, Y.; Surta, T. W.; Huang, W.; Neuefeind, J.; Wu, T.; Greaney, P. A.; Lu, J.; Ji, X. Nat. Energy 2019, 4 (2), 123–130 [2] Chimie, E. D.; Analytique, C.; Centre, D. P.; Kang, P. S. Sorbonne Université Design de Matériaux Lamellaires Par Chimie Douce Pour Batteries à Proton et Ion Multivalent. 2020 . [3] Kang, S; Singh. A; Badot, J-c; Reeves, K; Durand-Vidal, Serge, Legein, C; Body, Monique, Dubrunfaut, O; Borkiewez, O; Tremblay, B; Laberty-Robert, C; Dambournet, D Chemistry of Materials 2020 32 (21), 9458-9469 Figure 1" @default.
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- W4386866634 date "2023-08-28" @default.
- W4386866634 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4386866634 title "A Negative-Based TiO<sub>2</sub> Electrode for Aqueous Proton Batteries" @default.
- W4386866634 doi "https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-011459mtgabs" @default.
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