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- W4386975425 abstract "Cocoa swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD) is a devastating disease affecting cocoa in West Africa. Initial infestation of the cocoa plant takes up to 2 years before symptoms are expressed. Extreme cases of cocoa swollen shoot virus (CSSV) infection can result in drastic yield reductions (25%–50%) and complete yield loss within 3–4 years. CSSV currently causes an estimated annual loss of 50,000 tonnes of global cacao production. Several strains of the CSSV exist and can cause various symptoms depending on the strain of the virus, the stage of infection, and the susceptibility of the cocoa variety. Visual symptoms are usually used frequently to diagnose infected cacao plants; however, it is not uncommon for a CSSV-infected plant to be asymptomatic. Despite concerted efforts to control CSSVD by eradication, it is still spreading at an alarming rate. It is clear therefore that eradication alone will not be effective in controlling the disease. Of the various research interventions carried out in various countries, resistance breeding, mild strain cross-protection, block planting, and barrier cropping stand out as the ones that have yielded positive results that can benefit the farmer almost immediately. Cola chlamydanta, Ceiba pentandra, Adansonia digitata, Cola gigantean, and Sterculia tragacantha were reported as alternate hosts of CSSV. These alternate hosts exhibit the same symptoms as infected cacao trees, but with less severity." @default.
- W4386975425 created "2023-09-23" @default.
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- W4386975425 date "2024-01-01" @default.
- W4386975425 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W4386975425 title "Cacao and Kola" @default.
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- W4386975425 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90899-3.00031-8" @default.
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