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- W4387148943 abstract "Abstract Large animals are dangerous and may attack unpredictably. They should be viewed at a safe distance in the company of an experienced ranger. Groups travelling alone should make noise and carry appropriate defences such as guns or pepper sprays. Store food away from campsites and avoid camping close to water. Animals with their young are particularly dangerous. Take local advice. Venomous animals are less obvious but cause many more fatalities among indigenous populations. Appropriate preventive behaviour and first aid is discussed. Specific antidotes (antivenoms) may be available, but, because of the risk of anaphylactic reactions, their use is best restricted to the local base hospital. Insect-sting anaphylaxis is not uncommon and must be treated with adrenaline. Mass attacks by Africanised honey bees in the Americas can be fatal. Among swimmers, surfers are at the greatest risk from shark attack. Common marine stingers include jellyfish, stinging corals, sea urchins, and venomous stingrays and stonefish. The agonising pain of these stings may respond to immersion in hot water. Vinegar inhibits box jellyfish stinging cells. Seafood poisoning is common in tropical waters: ciguatera from eating reef fish, scombroid from dark-fleshed tuna, terodotoxin from pufferfish and paralytic shellfish poisoning from a variety of mollusks eaten when there is “red tide”. Cooking does not destroy marine toxins." @default.
- W4387148943 created "2023-09-29" @default.
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- W4387148943 date "2023-10-01" @default.
- W4387148943 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
- W4387148943 title "Risks from animals" @default.
- W4387148943 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198867012.003.0017" @default.
- W4387148943 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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