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- W4387248654 abstract "SESSION TITLE: Critical Iatrogenic Complications SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/09/2023 02:10 pm - 02:55 pm INTRODUCTION: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a life-saving procedure, performed emergently more than 600,000 times annually in the US. ETI has several complications, including acute traumatic airway injury, as well as inflammation and scarring from prolonged pressure of the endotracheal tube (ETT) on airway tissues. Mechanical ventilation can cause nosocomial injury to the patient, through injurious set parameters, or through patient ventilator asynchrony resulting in damaging tidal volumes or regional overdistension. We present a case in which airway injury from ETI lead to injurious patient-ventilator asynchrony. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44 year old female was intubated following cardiac arrest. She had a history of tracheal stenosis and necrosis resulting from multiple ETIs, in the setting of multiple drug overdoses. She had desaturation episodes, and the following ventilator wave form was observed (Figure 1). The patient's respiratory effort did not match her measured respiratory rate, her expiratory tidal volumes (Vt) were much less than inspiratory Vt, and peak inspiratory pressures rose in a step-wise fashion with each breath. Her ventilator circuit was intact. These abnormalities improved with suctioning but soon recurred. Bronchoscopy revealed necrotic tissue that created an intermittent ball-valve effect allowing for inspiratory flow but prevented expiratory flow through her ETT (Figure 2). The tissue was removed with suctioning and the patient-ventilator synchrony ensued (Figure 3). She subsequently underwent tracheostomy. DISCUSSION: ETI can cause acute traumatic injury to laryngeal and subglottic tissues, often due to prolonged or multiple attempts. Proximal airway tissues can also suffer sub-acutely from tissue ischemia caused by pressure from the endotracheal tube—both high cuff pressures and prolonged intubation may contribute to this injury. Removal of the endotracheal tube through extubation or conversion to tracheotomy are protective.Patient-ventilator asynchrony may occur during breath initiation (trigger), breath delivery (flow), or cessation of inspiration (cycle). Auto-trigger asynchrony occurs commonly with circuit leaks, but can occur whenever expiratory tidal volumes are not detected, resulting in rapid cycles of inspiratory flow. In this case, tissue obstructed exhalation, and stacked breaths from auto-trigger lead to serial overdistension placing the patient at risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. An abrupt drop in expiratory volume graphic demonstrate expiratory volume failing to return prior to the next ventilator breath. CONCLUSIONS: This case is an atypical presentation of various complications from ETI; It highlights the importance of ventilator waveform interpretation and effectively identifying causes of patient-ventilator asynchrony. REFERENCE #1: Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Janssens J, Rabec C On behalf of the SomnoNIV group, et al. Framework for patient-ventilator asynchrony during long-term non-invasive ventilation. Thorax 2019;74:715-717. REFERENCE #2: Sottile, P. D., Albers, D., Smith, B. J., & Moss, M. M. (2020). Ventilator dyssynchrony - Detection, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance: A Narrative review. Annals of thoracic medicine, 15(4), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.ATM_63_20 REFERENCE #3: Touman, Abdelfattah A., and Grigoris K. Stratakos. 2018. 'Long-Term Complications of Tracheal Intubation'. Tracheal Intubation. InTech. doi:10.5772/intechopen.74160. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Desmond Barber No relevant relationships by Kevin Doerschug No relevant relationships by Miles Hagner" @default.
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- W4387248654 date "2023-10-01" @default.
- W4387248654 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W4387248654 title "COMPLICATIONS OF ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION: OSCILLATING ENDOBRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION CAUSING DANGEROUS DYSSYNCHRONY" @default.
- W4387248654 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.1362" @default.
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