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• W4387352007 abstract "The Facebook Archives of Timbuktu:Preserving Cultural Heritage Online and Reimagining a City's Future Rosa De Jorio (bio) KEYWORDS Facebook, archives, identity, learned hierarchies, Timbuktu cultural heritage, political imagination, Mali Introduction The archives I discuss here are not formal collections; rather, they are spontaneous, online creations by members of a close-knit Facebook community consisting of preservationists, activists, and civil servants from Timbuktu, Mali. These Facebook accounts are sites at which Timbuktu citizens can collectively engage in memory work, remember the past, and circulate knowledge about the city's material and immaterial culture. Despite the regional marginality, intermittent insecurity, and political crisis that they experience, users also hope to garner international attention for Timbuktu's cultural heritage. Most of all, their Facebook accounts are spaces where they can recreate a sense of normalcy, remember a past of social harmony and interethnic peace, and imagine a new future for the city of Timbuktu, the surrounding region, and Mali more broadly. Some of the users make regular, almost daily use of their Facebook accounts1 to detail and promote public engagement in the preservation of the city's cultural heritage. This group of mostly older men (although a few women [End Page 287] and youth also occasionally participate) exchange posts, written and visual, to disseminate information about Timbuktu's past, their cultural preservation efforts, and cultural events, mostly in Timbuktu, but also by Timbuktu natives living and working in its diasporas. Their Facebook accounts are public and reflect users' commitment to connect, educate, and inform local, national, and international publics about the city's cultural life. Their work is infused with a sense of urgency. Their posts underline the state of disarray of the city's cultural patrimony, emphasizing the everyday practices that compromise its integrity, such as tasteless architectural innovations and the adoption of foreign construction materials. Throughout their commentaries, references to various works of cultural preservation intertwine with detailed posts about individuals' professional achievements and about more personal aspects of their lives such as their love for their children or the passing of a mentor or friend.2 However, the central emphasis of their posts––evident through their tagging, cross-referencing, and reposting activities––remains the city's cultural patrimony, the preservation efforts (or lack thereof) by some of its citizens, and related initiatives. The present paper seeks to shed light on the role of social media in the development of heritage preservation initiatives and public memory in Mali today. It starts with a discussion of recent political developments followed by a reflection on the wider political significance of heritage preservation work. This reflection serves as a critical foundation for later examining the import of the political context on the activities and aspirations of Facebook users. The second part focuses on the profiles and activities of some of the users. It draws from discussions of the articulation of subjectivities on Facebook, highlighting the importance of social and cultural capital in the formation of social hierarchies within the online and offline communities Timbuktu. The third part discusses some of the political and moral undertones of many Facebook posts and reflects on the ways in which the past grounds both criticism of Mali's present and the development of alternative political projects.3 The article concludes with some general thoughts on culture as a key space in which to critically engage with the present and craft political alternatives and futures. A Brief Overview of Mali's Recent History Until the early 2010s Mali was considered an example of a successful democracy in Africa. Western donors contributed substantial amounts of aid, which amounted to approximately 50 percent of the government's annual budget.4 They also actively shaped the development of national policies by imposing stringent economic and political conditionalities (Bergamaschi 2014). The increased circulation of foreign capital led to the intensification of corruption and class inequalities, widely noticeable in the exponential growth [End Page 288] of conspicuous villas on the outskirts of Bamako and other major cities in Mali. Since 2012 the country has also plunged into a spiral of violence and political instability, thus revealing the fragility of the democratic experiment. The coalescence of dynamics of varying scale and import..." @default.
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• W4387352007 date "2022-01-01" @default.
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• W4387352007 title "The Facebook Archives of Timbuktu: Preserving Cultural Heritage Online and Reimagining a City's Future" @default.
• W4387352007 doi "https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.2022.a908481" @default.
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