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• W4387400501 abstract "Dear Editor, Human monkeypox was viewed as “just another neglected disease,” although it was the most important zoonotic orthopoxvirus occurring in humans with the average mortality of 3%–6%. More than 70% of the human population currently has no immunity against any zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections because of the cessation of the vaccination against smallpox. This new situation allows orthopoxviruses to circulate in the human population.[1] Global travel and easy access to remote and potentially monkeypox (mpox)-endemic regions led to the occurrence of cases globally.[1,2] In July 2022, the WHO declared mpox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), and in May 2023, the WHO declared the end of mpox emergency attributing to sustained decline in cases, but at the same time, it calls for sustained efforts for the long-term management of the disease. The natural host of mpox remains unknown. Infection occurs through respiratory droplets from a close contact, it is not transmitted over the distances such as the Sars-CoV-2 virus. The WHO identifies smallpox, chickenpox, measles, bacterial skin infections, scabies, medication allergies, and syphilis among the differential diagnoses. The sylvatic component of the lifecycle of mpox means eradication is not possible, therefore prevention becomes paramount.[2] It is imperative to be vigilant, and there should be no room for complacency. Enhancing the capacity of health-care workers to identify the cases and improve patient management is the effective strategy for outbreak control surveillance. In India, for surveillance purpose, the confirmed case of mpox is the detection of unique sequences of viral DNA either by the polymerase chain reaction and/or sequencing. This definition is being used by all district surveillance units under integrated disease surveillance project (IDSP). Even a single case of mpox is to be considered outbreak, and investigation is initiated by rapid response team through the IDSP. Samples are sent to designated laboratories. The report is sent to district, state, and central surveillance units. There are two core surveillance strategies implemented in India, first is health facility based; in dermatology, sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinics, medicine, and pediatrics outpatient department, and the second is targeted surveillance achieved by measles surveillance through immunization division and targeted intervention sites identified by the National AIDS Control Organization for men having sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) population.[3] All the retrieved mpox sequences from India covering 90% to 99% of the genome belong to the A.2 lineage of virus, detected in the US last year, which is different from the B.1 strain causing the outbreak in Europe (Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology).[4] There is a need for understanding the genetic basis for differences in virulence, transmission, and severity to prevent large epidemics. Models need to be created to suggest the effectiveness of interventions such as isolation, contact tracing, antivirals, and waste management.[1,2] A clinical trial for tecovirimat oral capsule is underway for the treatment of people with laboratory-confirmed or presumptive mpox disease. The results of this study are yet to be posted.[5] The sustained efforts suggested by the WHO for the long-term management of mpox will, in the long run, save money and lives, and reduce the risk of a global resurgence of mpox, thus safeguarding the health of the public. These measures are better than the emergency measures inherent to a PHEIC. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest." @default.
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• W4387400501 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4387400501 modified "2023-10-07" @default.
• W4387400501 title "Overview of human monkeypox: A reemerging disease" @default.
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• W4387400501 doi "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_1333_22" @default.
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