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- W4387435269 endingPage "4886" @default.
- W4387435269 startingPage "4886" @default.
- W4387435269 abstract "Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC, bladder cancer, BC) remains a difficult-to-treat malignancy with a rising incidence worldwide. In the U.S., UCC is the sixth most incident neoplasm and ~90% of diagnoses are made in those >55 years of age; it is ~four times more commonly observed in men than women. The most important risk factor for developing BC is tobacco smoking, which accounts for ~50% of cases, followed by occupational exposure to aromatic amines and ionizing radiation. The standard of care for advanced UCC includes platinum-based chemotherapy and programmed cell death (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, administered as frontline, second-line, or maintenance therapy. UCC remains generally incurable and is associated with intrinsic and acquired drug and immune resistance. UCC is lethal in the metastatic state and characterized by genomic instability, high PD-L1 expression, DNA damage-response mutations, and a high tumor mutational burden. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieve long-term durable responses in other cancers, their ability to achieve similar results with metastatic UCC (mUCC) is not as well-defined. Here, we discuss therapies to improve UCC management and how comprehensive tumor profiling can identify actionable biomarkers and eventually fulfill the promise of precision medicine for UCC patients." @default.
- W4387435269 created "2023-10-09" @default.
- W4387435269 creator A5012867231 @default.
- W4387435269 creator A5035898667 @default.
- W4387435269 creator A5079557181 @default.
- W4387435269 creator A5083063156 @default.
- W4387435269 date "2023-10-08" @default.
- W4387435269 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W4387435269 title "Current and Emerging Strategies to Treat Urothelial Carcinoma" @default.
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