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• W4387444903 abstract "Introduction: Strenuous exercise results in ischemia that damages the intestinal wall and compromises gut integrity. As the gut influences an athlete’s health, both physiologically and psychologically, exercise induced gut damage (EIGD) may contribute to fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, inflammation, and de-motivation, ultimately reducing performance. Oestrogen may have protective effects in the gastrointestinal system, however, females make up only 15% of participants in studies pertaining to EIGD and thus are largely absent from the evidence base used to inform recommendations around gut issues in training and performance. The aim of this protocol is to determine relationships between sex hormones and EIGD. Methods: Females with a natural menstrual cycle (NC), females using the oral contraceptive pill (OCP), and males will be recruited to allow comparisons between sexes and within the female sex. Individual group sample size has been calculated at n = 11. Participants will initially complete a maximal oxygen consumption test to determine intensity for the experimental trials. Participants will then attend three experimental trials in which they run for 60 minutes on a treadmill at 90% of second ventilatory threshold in thermoneutral conditions. Female participants will complete the experimental trials during different phases of their menstrual cycle: early follicular, late follicular and mid-luteal. The order of menstrual phase for each trial will be randomised. Hormone status will be verified using a three-step method: menstrual cycle tracking throughout the project, urinary luteinising hormone surge, and blood tests. Blood samples will be taken pre- and post-exercise and will be analysed for plasma concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein to determine enterocyte damage, a dual sugar absorbance test to determine changes in intestinal permeability, and hormonal concentrations (oestrogen and progesterone). Gastrointestinal symptoms will be assessed using a standardised visual analogue scale. Heart rate, lactate, VO2 and rating of perceived exertion will be recorded at 10 minute intervals throughout each trial. Testing of this protocol has commenced, however COVID-19 related issues led to priority enrolment of NC group participants for which initial data is presented. Results: Initial data in the NC group (n = 4) indicate a 20% reduction in EIGD in the high oestrogen late-follicular phase compared to the low oestrogen early follicular phase. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mild and not associated with GI damage. GI symptoms were most commonly reported in the early follicular phase. Discussion: This is a novel protocol for the determination of menstrual cycle influences on EIGD. Despite the small sample size in the initial data, expected patterns of hormones and hypothesised patterns of EIDG were observed. This provides support for the hypothesis that fluctuating oestrogen concentrations may impact the development of EIGD which warrants further investigation. Impact/Application to the field: There is conflicting evidence pertaining to the influence of the menstrual cycle for female athletes, primarily due to poor and inconsistent methodological practices related to determining hormonal status. This research will contribute much needed, high-quality female athlete data to the literature. Understanding menstrual cycle influences in susceptibility to intestinal damage may inform athletes training and competition load with regards to optimising performance and recovery. Declaration: My co-authors and I acknowledge that we have no conflict of interest of relevance to the submission of this abstract." @default.
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• W4387444903 date "2023-10-01" @default.
• W4387444903 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W4387444903 title "The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Intestinal Damage During Running: Protocol and Initial Data" @default.
• W4387444903 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2023.08.046" @default.
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