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• W4387552235 endingPage "102547" @default.
• W4387552235 startingPage "102547" @default.
• W4387552235 abstract "Internal focus has been shown to be detrimental to performance by disrupting the motor system, whereas external focus enhances performance by promoting automaticity. One hypothesis, which explains the underlying mechanism of the disruption of the motor system, proposes that internal focus affects the type of thoughts (explicit rules) by invoking self-conscious, evaluative thoughts (McKay et al., 2015). In contrast, another hypothesis proposes that internal focus increases the number of explicit rules, loading working memory (Poolton et al., 2006). To examine the competing hypotheses, neurotypical young adults (22.98 ± 4.46 years old, n = 20 males, n = 40 females) were assigned to one of three groups: external focus (n = 20), internal focus (n = 20), and control (n = 20) groups, and practiced a reciprocal aiming task for two days with retention/transfer tests. Between trials, participant’s thoughts were evaluated by an open-ended questionnaire. The type of explicit rules was analyzed using a chi-square test, and the number of explicit rules was analyzed using a mixed-effect Poisson regression. The results showed that external focus resulted in a greater proportion of explicit rules about the task and a lesser proportion of self-evaluative thoughts. The number of explicit rules did not differ between groups. Our results suggest that external focus may strengthen focus on task-relevant features, while internal focus moves people’s attention away from important features, potentially explaining why the motor system is disrupted by internal focus." @default.
• W4387552235 created "2023-10-12" @default.
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• W4387552235 date "2024-01-01" @default.
• W4387552235 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W4387552235 title "Do attentional focus cues affect the type or number of explicit rules? Proof of concepts of the self-invoking trigger or explicit knowledge hypotheses" @default.
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• W4387552235 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102547" @default.
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• W4387552235 hasPublicationYear "2024" @default.
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