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- W4387645249 abstract "While fragmentation was the stable institutional outcome of the Atlanticists’ competitive regime creation to PESCO until 2015, only two years later, in December 2017, the Council formally established PESCO—a result that previously seemed impossible. The chapter demonstrates that the equilibrium of fragmented defense planning was distorted by two external shocks, which directly influenced the challengers’ go-it-alone power and membership preference, Brexit, and the election of NATO-skeptic Donald Trump as US President. Brexit weakened the challenger coalition and undermined their ability to prevent PESCO from happening. While the challengers had not possessed go-it-alone power, they also lost their veto power. The election of Donald Trump dramatically altered the challenger states’ membership preference. Had they preferred exclusive, regional cooperation backed by NATO, they now re-oriented toward the European Union as a security provider. PESCO’s defenders were able to exploit this window of opportunity. Following the challengers’ unsuccessful attempt to organize defense cooperation among themselves, the defenders were now able to create a credible threat of exclusion themselves. A veritable cascade of states deciding to join PESCO began, which resulted in the formal activation of PESCO. PESCO became the new center of authority in defense planning and proved resilient." @default.
- W4387645249 created "2023-10-15" @default.
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- W4387645249 date "2023-01-01" @default.
- W4387645249 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
- W4387645249 title "PESCO’s resilience: Jumpstarting the bandwagon" @default.
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- W4387645249 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30054-7_8" @default.
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