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• W4387667093 abstract "Up to now, experiments involving Mossbauer nuclei have been restricted to the low-excitation regime (LER). The reason for this is the narrow spectral linewidth of the nuclei. This defining feature enables Mossbauer spectroscopy with remarkable resolution and convenient control and measurements in the time domain, but at the same time implies that only a tiny part of the photons delivered by accelerator-based x-ray sources with orders-of-magnitude larger pulse bandwidth are resonant with the nuclei. X-ray free-electron lasers promise a substantial enhancement of the number of nuclear-resonant photons per pulse, such that excitations beyond the LER come within reach. This raises the question of how the onset of nonlinear excitations could be experimentally verified. Here, we develop and explore a method to detect an excitation of nuclear ensembles beyond the LER for ensembles of nuclei embedded in x-ray waveguides. It relies on the comparison of the x rays coherently and incoherently scattered off of the nuclei. As a key result, we show that the ratio of the two observables is constant within the LER, essentially independent of the details of the nuclear system and the characteristics of the exciting x rays. Conversely, deviations from this equivalence serve as a direct indication of excitations beyond the LER. Building upon this observation, we develop a variety of experimental signatures both, for near-instantaneous impulsive and for temporally extended nonimpulsive x-ray excitation. Correlating coherently and incoherently scattered intensities further allows one to compare theoretical models of nonlinear excitations more rigorously to corresponding experiments." @default.
• W4387667093 created "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4387667093 creator A5063103651 @default.
• W4387667093 creator A5088071495 @default.
• W4387667093 date "2023-10-16" @default.
• W4387667093 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4387667093 title "Characterization and detection method for x-ray excitation of Mössbauer nuclei beyond the low-excitation regime" @default.
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• W4387667093 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.108.043714" @default.
• W4387667093 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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