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- W44294843 abstract "Abstract In order to clarify people's behavior after the March 11, 2011, Tohoku-Oki earthquake ( M w 9.0), we interviewed 164 tsunami survivors in 10 cities mainly in Iwate and Miyagi prefectures and also city officials in charge of the disaster-prevention measures in Miyako and Kamaishi cities, Iwate prefecture, Tohoku region. During the 150 years prior to this event, three large tsunamis have struck the Tohoku region. Ever since these tsunamis, disaster mitigation efforts have been undertaken in the region, for example, constructions of the huge breakwaters, practicing of earthquake early warning schemes, holding periodical tsunami evacuation drills, and publicizing geohazard maps. Despite these efforts, 18,554 deaths and missing persons were reported by the National Police Headquarters on June 10, 2013. Our interviews revealed that only around 30 percent of interviewed people escaped immediately after the shaking of seismic ground motion subsided. Therefore, we searched through the interviews as to why so many people were slow or reluctant to evacuate. We presupposed possible reasons for their slow reaction as follows: (1) the magnitude of the earthquakes expected in the offshore Tohoku region publicized by the governmental committee was much smaller than that of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake; (2) the earthquake magnitude and tsunami height of the first warning issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency were much smaller than those of the actual event; (3) people living there made wrong conclusions or biased guesses of the magnitude of the tsunami height based on their experience of past tsunamis or on what they heard from their parents or grandparents; (4) many people had too much confidence in the breakwaters, which were known to be the sturdiest constructions in the world. From our interview, we found that the reasons of (1) and (2) above are not real causes of their slow action. Reasons (3) and (4) together may have been the real causes of people's slow action. On the other hand, we found that very few schoolchildren (∼1.8 percent of deaths and missing persons, although they constitute 8.5 percent of the population) lost their lives at schools in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima prefectures. This indicates that the role of elementary schools should be reassessed in their role as emergency shelters, as well as the function of education and education about the earthquakes and tsunami hazards and natural hazards in general in the local communities." @default.
- W44294843 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W44294843 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W44294843 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W44294843 title "The Most Useful Countermeasure Against Giant Earthquakes and Tsunamis—What We Learned From Interviews of 164 Tsunami Survivors" @default.
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- W44294843 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-394848-9.00004-3" @default.
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