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• W44337307 abstract "Self-directed learning (SDL) is among the most productive areas of research in adult education. Malcolm S. Knowles is credited with a comprehensive synthesis of adult teaching and adult learning principles. Andragogy, the art and science of helping adults learn, lies at the heart of Knowles' work. Lucy M. Guglielmino theorized regarding the occurrence of self-direction in learning. Stephen D. Brookfield considered SDL from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives. Ralph G. Brockett and Roger Hiemstra embraced the view that the concept of SDL should be seen as only one part of a broader concept, and their conceptualization of SDL was a synthesis of other writers' multidimensional conceptualizations. According to Philip C. Candy, SDL involves the following tenets: (1) the interaction between a person and his or her environment; (2) knowledge as tentative, evanescent, and socially constructed; (3) learning as a qualitative shift in how phenomena are viewed; and (4) individuals as engaging in complex, mutually interdependent relationships with their environments. The research of these individuals has led to many theoretical approaches to SDL, including the following: humanism; personal responsibility orientation; behaviorism; neobehaviorism; critical perspectives; and constructivism. Numerous researchers have used qualitative and quantitative research methods to expand understanding of SDL. (Contains 147 references.) (MN) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the ori inal document. SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING IN ADULTHOOD: A LITERATURE REVIEW T. Ross Owen, Ed.D. Assistant Professor of Adult and Higher Education Morehead State University UPO Box 677 150 University Boulevard Morehead, KY 40351 606-783-2154 r.owen@moreheadstate.edu U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quaty. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. January 22, 2002 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) The meaning of self-direction in adult learning has been skewed by those who choose to define it as they wish (Brookfield, 1986, P. 18) . The distortion surrounding selfdirection in adult learning can be attributed to haphazard nomenclature. Self-direction in adult learning has been referred to as self-teaching, self-planned learning, independent adult learning, self-directed learning, and self-initiated" @default.
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• W44337307 date "2002-01-22" @default.
• W44337307 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W44337307 title "Self-Directed Learning in Adulthood: A Literature Review." @default.
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