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• W4476193 abstract "TRYING TO EVALUATE what students know, and how well they can apply what they know of general semantics rules, seems to belong to a class of testing known as unsatisfactory. People can understand various aspects of their behavior, but how can we devise tests about language behavior when that may vary so frequently, depending on our filters, the environment, etc.? Actual performance, or doing-as-I-say-I-should-do, (presenting an accurate map of the territory involved) is not as easy as the comprehension. Even the comprehension seems difficult for some of my beginning students, however. To perceive one's inference in a conversation, to notice that words are being used on different levels, to recognize allness in one's own statement, for example, does not seem to be quickly accomplished, and the entire orientation puzzles my students for awhile. Consequently, we use very familiar and simple tools to help check ourselves in the classroom--cartoons and comic strips. Because these can be obtained from many sources, students apparently have little difficulty finding suitable examples. In addition to their availability, cartoons can be very clear in their focus, on the particular general semantics concept they illustrate. Consequently, they usually provide a certain degree of success for students, and thus are more satisfactory as testing material. At times, of course, we have some difficulty identifying a particular problem. One comic strip which recently developed a controversy was written by Ernie Bushmiller. It depicts Nancy reading a story to her friend Sluggo: Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess.... She had eyes like stars ... raven-black hair, and a neck like a swan. small boy listening shows a question mark, accompanied by a mental image of a girl having two ravens for hair, atop a face with stars for eyes, and a long, long feathery neck. Discussion by students involved different opinions about the focus. Was it the use of similes? Intensional orientation? literal interpretation of words? differences in each person's perception also led to further discussion regarding the process of symbolizing and of identification. Depending on the individual class, and their progress, we sometimes work in small groups with copies of out-dated New Yorker magazines. Each student searches through a variety of cartoons and selects one which she (or he) discusses with the other members of the group. Groups may have three, four, or five members, so there are a corresponding number of cartoons, all considered by everyone in the group. Students then eliminate any which duplicate ideas, and depending on the assignment, may choose just one of the three, four, or five, or they may use all that have been selected. When they have been asked to choose just one, they must all agree on the focus of the illustration. Often they have difficulty. In this process of discussion they appear to learn not only terminology, but to analyze their own language habits. One cartoon by Froden about which groups recently seemed to agree, without dissension, shows a man at a bar holding up a glass, saying, My country right or wrong, or in any of the gray areas that lie between. Another cartoon entitled The Small Society, taken from a daily newspaper, seemed to illustrate to everyone the idea of self-reflexiveness, making maps about maps. Two people are watching One says, They should show more true-to-life programs on television, and the other responds, If they did, all you would see is people watching television. observation (fact)-inference-confusion focus has probably been the most useful in practical experience. A Dagwood/Blondie cartoon (and there are many others) illustrates this particularly well. Dagwood smiles in his sleep, and Blondie watches him, soon inferring that he must have a girl, and is dreaming happily about her. Almost immediately she is ready to act on her inference as if it were fact, saying, He'd better have a good explanation when he wakes up! …" @default.
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• W4476193 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W4476193 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4476193 title "Evaluating with Cartoons" @default.
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