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• W44896835 abstract "Deteriorated water resources in Central and Eastern Europe call for actions that should be undertaken to improve current conditions and to protect human and environmental health. Mathematical modeling and computer simulation is often an integral part of the decision-making process. Models and simulations allow rapid and varied evaluation of causes and effects and the principal advantage is that they enable an analysis of even long-term actions with limited investment costs. This paper provides an overview of popular models used for simulation of major elements of a water quality system: surface water quality (QUAL2E), wastewater treatment (Activated Sludge Model No.1), sewer network (SWMM), and water distribution network (EPANET). Model uses are illustrated by specific examples both in the U.S. or in Central and Eastern Europe. Introduction For over 40 years after the World War II, Poland experienced gradual deterioration of the environment including water resources. Although the new political and economical situation, as well as new regulations (e.g., [1]) encourage seeking solutions to water quality issues, the fundamental question: “What actions should be undertaken to protect human and environmental health, and how long would it take to restore contaminated water resources?” [2] still remains valid. Currently, only less than 5% of the monitored river kilometers meets the highest standards suitable for human consumption and over 20% of wastewater generated is discharged without any treatment [3]. High contamination of surface waters cause water shortage problems in over 40% of all Polish towns and cities [4]. Two principal concerns that arise in such situations are the mean fixed level of water quality and the impact of temporal variability of types and levels of pollution on water quality. One of the major factors of effective control is the ability to relate causes (inputs) to effects (outputs) and to predict the effects of control actions and changes to pollution sources. In this context, mathematical modeling and computer simulation may become an integral part of the decision-making process. Models and simulations allow rapid and varied evaluation of causes and effects, and their principal advantage is that they enable an analysis of even long-term actions over a short time with limited investment costs. In many countries, computer software for simulation of major elements of the water quality system have became an inherent tool for experts involved in designing, operation and control of that system. In Poland, the benefits resulting from application of such programs are still unknown or are not appreciated enough [5,6,7,8]. There are at least two reasons for this situation [6]: • reluctance of management staff to introduce new tools that require training for future users, • too few examples of a successful application of such programs causing a lack of confidence among potential users. Another barrier is the cost dealing with the purchase of commercial simulation programs. Fortunately, it is possible to avoid this by using “public-domain” programs. The aim of this paper is to present an overview (illustrated by specific examples) of such programs for the major elements of a water quality system (Figure 1): • QUAL2E – surface water quality and hydrodynamics, • Activated Sludge Models No.1 and No.2 – wastewater treatment systems with activated sludge, • SWMM – storm and combined sewer quality and quantity, • EPANET – water distribution network. Three of them (QUAL2E, SWMM, EPANET) may be downloaded via internet from the U.S.EPA web page (http://www.epa.gov/epahome/datatool.htm)." @default.
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• W44896835 date "1998-01-01" @default.
• W44896835 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W44896835 title "Application of Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation for Solving Water Quality Problems" @default.
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