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• W45146088 abstract "Picture this: It is 6th period Animal Science and you are in the middle of delivering what you think is a high quality, engaging lesson to a group of students. But as you look away from the board and out toward the students, you notice them staring back at you in silence. The glazed- over look in their eyes tells you that your lesson is not cutting it. Immediately, you feel like Ben Stein in Ferris Bueller's Day Off' saying, Bueller?... Bueller? You realize at that moment, changes are needed to get students reengaged or you risk losing them for the entire class!All teachers fear these types of moments. We plan lessons carefully, making it our goal to engage students in meaningful learning experiences that are relevant to their lives. The activities, lectures, projects, and presentations we create are designed to keep students learning and interested in the subject. We get excited when our students are excited about agriculture. However, when teaching efforts fail to spur interest, curiosity, or engagement from students, one cannot help but wonder how such a well-planned lesson went so wrong. At this point, many teachers reexamine the lesson, or attribute the poor reception to poor student attitudes, and these are all appropriate reactions. However, there are other aspects outside of the lesson that have just as much weight on student engagement - immediacy and rapport. Like it or not, you have a relationship with all of your students. The words you say, how you them, your body language, and many other verbal and nonverbal attributes all play into how your students receive the messages you are sending and ultimately the type of relationship you will have with a student. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to look at immediacy and rapport research and provide practical recommendations to help improve student engagement.Studies have shown that the concepts of immediacy and rapport are closely related (Estepp, 2012). Teacher immediacy includes the behaviors, both verbal and nonverbal, that help increase the perceived physical and psychological closeness between two people (Christophel, 1990), while rapport refers to the actual relationships that are built between teachers and students (Wilson, Ryan &Pugh, 2010). Immediacy has its roots in the approach-avoidance theory, which basically theorizes that people will draw closer to what they like, while they will avoid what they do not like (Mehrabian, 1981). The old adage states, Actions speak louder than words, and early immediacy research sought to examine how this affects effectiveness. Results showed that as much as 82% of teachers' behaviors are nonverbal (Andersen, 1978). This means that what you don't say can have as much bearing in the classroom as your words. Examples of nonverbal immediacy behaviors include eye contact, smiling, nodding, relaxed body position, leaning toward students while listening, movement around the classroom, and gesturing. Later immediacy studies added the verbal component of immediacy. Velez (2008) stated that Verbal immediacy refers directly to stylistic verbal expressions used by teachers to develop within students a degree of like or dislike towards the teacher (p. 42). Examples of verbal immediacy behaviors include praising students' efforts, using humor in teaching, engaging in conversations with students before or after class, willingness to interact with students, and use of personal stories and examples in teaching.Because immediacy behaviors can help draw students toward the teacher, researchers who study rapport believe that immediacy is one stepping stone to building relationships with students. Wilson et al., (2010) reported that immediacy deals strictly with behaviors that teachers can utilize in the classroom to increase the closeness between and student, but does not encompass all of the details involved in interpersonal relationships. …" @default.
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• W45146088 date "2013-05-01" @default.
• W45146088 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W45146088 title "Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Building Rapport and Engagement through Teacher Immediacy" @default.
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