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- W45362209 abstract "Sediment runoff accelerated by human activities is known to be a major threat tonearshore marine communities worldwide, however impacts of sedimentation in Antarcticaare largely unknown. Each summer at Australia's Casey Station, meltwater entrainssediment from crushed rock roadways causing visible surface plumes in Brown Bay.Observations during previous studies indicated a paucity of reef species in Brown Baycompared to other bays in the Windmill Islands. Differences were attributed to twopossible factors: 1) elevated sedimentation rates resulting from human activities, and 2)lower benthic irradiance caused by thicker snow cover overlying sea ice. This thesisexamines the potential impacts of sedimentation and benthic irradiance on shallow rockyreef assemblages in Antarctica using both manipulative in situ and aquarium experiments.Digital video transects quantitatively confirmed that reefs in Brown Bay supported asignificantly lower cover of biota, fewer total species and individuals, and fewer spongespecies compared to nearby 'control' bays. Recruitment to artificial substrata in BrownBay and 'control' bays was numerically dominated by spirorbid polychaetes andencrusting bryozoan species after 13 and 37 months. Recruitment varied significantlybetween bays, although overall fewer species and fewer bryozoan species recruited atBrown Bay. More taxa recruited when sedimentation was experimentally inhibited inBrown Bay (using Plexiglas shields), indicating sediment loads were hindering recruitment.Aquarium experiments showed a 0.5 mm thick sediment layer prevented zoosporesettlement and early post-settlement growth of the brown alga, Himantothallusgrandifolius, and smothering of attached zoospores by a thin layer of sediment causedreduced germ tube growth. Translocated individuals of red alga, Palmaria decipiens, inBrown Bay and 'control bays' had thalli lengths 80 - 99% shorter after 12 and 36 monthscompared to lengths at initial deployment. Reduced thallus growth was apparent evenwhen sedimentation was artificially reduced, indicating that factors other thansedimentation influence the growth of adult P.decipiens. A clear effect of irradiance levelson thallus growth of this species in the absence of sedimentation was subsequentlyidentified in aquarium experiments, and results correlated with the field observations.Anthropogenically increased sedimentation rates in Antarctica were shown to influencerecruitment success of sessile reef taxa (flora and fauna), while benthic irradiance wasidentified as a strong determinant of macroalgal distribution. Sound environmentalmanagement of runoff accelerated by human activities in Antarctica is considered criticalfor reducing impacts on marine environments, particularly in light of climate changepredictions for polar environments." @default.
- W45362209 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W45362209 creator A5056336218 @default.
- W45362209 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W45362209 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W45362209 title "Nearshore Antarctic reef assemblages : influence of sedimentation and benthic irradiance" @default.
- W45362209 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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